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Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary aspects of mutualistic interactions is essential for predicting species responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies in two closely related fig tree species, and . We monitored...
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| Published in: | Plants (Basel) 2024-07, Vol.13 (14), p.1889 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_issue | 14 |
| container_start_page | 1889 |
| container_title | Plants (Basel) |
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| creator | Cerezini, Monise T Rattis, Ludmila Furini, Paulo R Pereira, Rodrigo A S |
| description | Understanding the ecological and evolutionary aspects of mutualistic interactions is essential for predicting species responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies in two closely related fig tree species,
and
. We monitored 99
and 21
trees weekly from January 2006 to April 2011 in an area close to the southern edge of the tropical region in Brazil. Our results revealed contrasting phenological patterns between the two species, with
displaying an annual flowering pattern (1.4 episodes per tree per year) and
a supra-annual pattern (0.5 episodes per tree per year). We also found significant differences in reproductive strategies, with
producing more pistillate flowers and, consequently, more seeds and pollinating wasps per fig than
, likely as an adaptation to overcome limitations of low population density by maximizing the gene flow. As the shorter-lived organism, the fig wasp was found to influence critical processes associated with the success and stability of mutualism, such as fig development and ripening. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between mutualistic partners and their adaptive responses to environmental conditions in shaping fig tree populations' reproductive strategies and genetic structure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/plants13141889 |
| format | article |
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and
. We monitored 99
and 21
trees weekly from January 2006 to April 2011 in an area close to the southern edge of the tropical region in Brazil. Our results revealed contrasting phenological patterns between the two species, with
displaying an annual flowering pattern (1.4 episodes per tree per year) and
a supra-annual pattern (0.5 episodes per tree per year). We also found significant differences in reproductive strategies, with
producing more pistillate flowers and, consequently, more seeds and pollinating wasps per fig than
, likely as an adaptation to overcome limitations of low population density by maximizing the gene flow. As the shorter-lived organism, the fig wasp was found to influence critical processes associated with the success and stability of mutualism, such as fig development and ripening. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between mutualistic partners and their adaptive responses to environmental conditions in shaping fig tree populations' reproductive strategies and genetic structure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2223-7747</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2223-7747</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/plants13141889</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39065415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>brood-site pollination ; Butterflies & moths ; Conservation biology ; Environmental changes ; Environmental conditions ; Flowering ; Flowers & plants ; Fruit trees ; Gene flow ; Genetic structure ; Mutualism ; Plant species ; plant-insect interaction ; Population density ; Population genetics ; reproductive strategy ; Ripening ; Seeds ; Trees ; Tropical environment ; Tropical environments ; wasp pollination</subject><ispartof>Plants (Basel), 2024-07, Vol.13 (14), p.1889</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-839cfd8d16b63e1a3627c8cbba0eff4bfb7909b0ff2909f99af69afe0e2bd3d53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7736-4211 ; 0000-0002-1422-5011 ; 0000-0002-7724-0470</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3085036925/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3085036925?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39065415$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cerezini, Monise T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rattis, Ludmila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furini, Paulo R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Rodrigo A S</creatorcontrib><title>Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species</title><title>Plants (Basel)</title><addtitle>Plants (Basel)</addtitle><description>Understanding the ecological and evolutionary aspects of mutualistic interactions is essential for predicting species responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies in two closely related fig tree species,
and
. We monitored 99
and 21
trees weekly from January 2006 to April 2011 in an area close to the southern edge of the tropical region in Brazil. Our results revealed contrasting phenological patterns between the two species, with
displaying an annual flowering pattern (1.4 episodes per tree per year) and
a supra-annual pattern (0.5 episodes per tree per year). We also found significant differences in reproductive strategies, with
producing more pistillate flowers and, consequently, more seeds and pollinating wasps per fig than
, likely as an adaptation to overcome limitations of low population density by maximizing the gene flow. As the shorter-lived organism, the fig wasp was found to influence critical processes associated with the success and stability of mutualism, such as fig development and ripening. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between mutualistic partners and their adaptive responses to environmental conditions in shaping fig tree populations' reproductive strategies and genetic structure.</description><subject>brood-site pollination</subject><subject>Butterflies & moths</subject><subject>Conservation biology</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fruit trees</subject><subject>Gene flow</subject><subject>Genetic structure</subject><subject>Mutualism</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>plant-insect interaction</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>reproductive strategy</subject><subject>Ripening</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Tropical environment</subject><subject>Tropical environments</subject><subject>wasp pollination</subject><issn>2223-7747</issn><issn>2223-7747</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUk1v1DAQjRCIVqVXjigSFzhssePEcY7VqoWViqjaco78MQ5eee3FdhD998x2l4rFHxpr9N6z53mq6i0lF4wN5NPWy1AyZbSlQgwvqtOmadii79v-5T_nk-o85zXBIXBR_ro6QTLvWtqdVn4ZQ0kyFxem-vYHhOjj5LT09a0sBVLItQymvoNtimbWxf2C-h4JBSYHuXahXvqYwT8ixGPW1F9jiKBdnHN97ab6IQEytpiB_KZ6ZaXPcH6IZ9X366uH5ZfFzbfPq-XlzUIz0ZeFYIO2RhjKFWdAJeNNr4VWShKwtlVW9QMZFLG2wWiHQVqOGwg0yjDTsbNqtdc1Ua7HbXIbmR7HKN34lIhpGmUqTnsYVaO5URo6tKvllAnaCaMl6UH21PY7rQ97LTTg5wy5jBuXNXi0HrDGkRHR0YZyKhD6_j_oOs4pYKVPKML40OwEL_aoSeL9LtiIdmqcBjZOxwDWYf5SEIY_xjlBwscjAmIK_C6TnHMeV_d3x9iDuE4x5wT2uXpKxl3PjMc9g4R3hzfPagPmGf63Q9gf0cK9Ug</recordid><startdate>20240701</startdate><enddate>20240701</enddate><creator>Cerezini, Monise T</creator><creator>Rattis, Ludmila</creator><creator>Furini, Paulo R</creator><creator>Pereira, Rodrigo A S</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-4211</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-5011</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-0470</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240701</creationdate><title>Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species</title><author>Cerezini, Monise T ; Rattis, Ludmila ; Furini, Paulo R ; Pereira, Rodrigo A S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-839cfd8d16b63e1a3627c8cbba0eff4bfb7909b0ff2909f99af69afe0e2bd3d53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>brood-site pollination</topic><topic>Butterflies & moths</topic><topic>Conservation biology</topic><topic>Environmental changes</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fruit trees</topic><topic>Gene flow</topic><topic>Genetic structure</topic><topic>Mutualism</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>plant-insect interaction</topic><topic>Population density</topic><topic>Population genetics</topic><topic>reproductive strategy</topic><topic>Ripening</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Tropical environment</topic><topic>Tropical environments</topic><topic>wasp pollination</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cerezini, Monise T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rattis, Ludmila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furini, Paulo R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Rodrigo A S</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Plants (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cerezini, Monise T</au><au>Rattis, Ludmila</au><au>Furini, Paulo R</au><au>Pereira, Rodrigo A S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species</atitle><jtitle>Plants (Basel)</jtitle><addtitle>Plants (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-07-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>1889</spage><pages>1889-</pages><issn>2223-7747</issn><eissn>2223-7747</eissn><abstract>Understanding the ecological and evolutionary aspects of mutualistic interactions is essential for predicting species responses to environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the phenological patterns and reproductive strategies in two closely related fig tree species,
and
. We monitored 99
and 21
trees weekly from January 2006 to April 2011 in an area close to the southern edge of the tropical region in Brazil. Our results revealed contrasting phenological patterns between the two species, with
displaying an annual flowering pattern (1.4 episodes per tree per year) and
a supra-annual pattern (0.5 episodes per tree per year). We also found significant differences in reproductive strategies, with
producing more pistillate flowers and, consequently, more seeds and pollinating wasps per fig than
, likely as an adaptation to overcome limitations of low population density by maximizing the gene flow. As the shorter-lived organism, the fig wasp was found to influence critical processes associated with the success and stability of mutualism, such as fig development and ripening. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between mutualistic partners and their adaptive responses to environmental conditions in shaping fig tree populations' reproductive strategies and genetic structure.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39065415</pmid><doi>10.3390/plants13141889</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-4211</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-5011</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-0470</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Plants (Basel), 2024-07, Vol.13 (14), p.1889 |
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| source | PubMed (Medline); Publicly Available Content (ProQuest) |
| subjects | brood-site pollination Butterflies & moths Conservation biology Environmental changes Environmental conditions Flowering Flowers & plants Fruit trees Gene flow Genetic structure Mutualism Plant species plant-insect interaction Population density Population genetics reproductive strategy Ripening Seeds Trees Tropical environment Tropical environments wasp pollination |
| title | Contrasting Phenological Patterns and Reproductive Strategies in Closely Related Monoecious Fig Tree Species |
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