High Na+ Salt Diet and Remodeling of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells

Our knowledge on essential hypertension is vast, and its treatment is well known. Not all hypertensives are salt-sensitive. The available evidence suggests that even normotensive individuals are at high cardiovascular risk and lower survival rate, as blood pressure eventually rises later in life wit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2021-07, Vol.9 (8), p.883
Main Authors: Bkaily, Ghassan, Simon, Yanick, Jazzar, Ashley, Najibeddine, Houssein, Normand, Alexandre, Jacques, Danielle
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Binding sites
Blood pressure
Blood vessels
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell membranes
Diet
Endothelial cells
Gene expression
Genotype & phenotype
glycocalyx
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Membrane permeability
Morphology
Na+ salt
Na+ salt sensitive hypertension
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
Osmolarity
Physiology
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Smooth muscle
Sodium
vascular endothelial cells
vascular smooth muscle cells
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Our knowledge on essential hypertension is vast, and its treatment is well known. Not all hypertensives are salt-sensitive. The available evidence suggests that even normotensive individuals are at high cardiovascular risk and lower survival rate, as blood pressure eventually rises later in life with a high salt diet. In addition, little is known about high sodium (Na+) salt diet-sensitive hypertension. There is no doubt that direct and indirect Na+ transporters, such as the Na/Ca exchanger and the Na/H exchanger, and the Na/K pump could be implicated in the development of high salt-induced hypertension in humans. These mechanisms could be involved following the destruction of the cell membrane glycocalyx and changes in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells membranes’ permeability and osmolarity. Thus, it is vital to determine the membrane and intracellular mechanisms implicated in this type of hypertension and its treatment.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9080883