Effects of Caloric Restriction Diet on Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction

The most common manifestation of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), which impacts on endothelial dysfunction. CV risk is associated with high values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and depends on the presence of risk factors, both modifiable and not...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2021-01, Vol.13 (1), p.274
Main Authors: Di Daniele, Nicola, Marrone, Giulia, Di Lauro, Manuela, Di Daniele, Francesca, Palazzetti, Daniela, Guerriero, Cristina, Noce, Annalisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Antihypertensives
arterial hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Bioavailability
Blood pressure
Body fat
Body weight
caloric restriction diet
Diet
Diet therapy
Dietary restrictions
endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium
Enzymes
Exercise
Free radicals
Genetics
Health care
Hypertension
intermittent fasting
Lifestyles
Nervous system diseases
Nutrient deficiency
organ damage
Organs
Oxidative stress
Physical exercise
Physiology
Retina
Review
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Smooth muscle
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:The most common manifestation of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), which impacts on endothelial dysfunction. CV risk is associated with high values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and depends on the presence of risk factors, both modifiable and not modifiable, such as overweight, obesity, physical exercise, smoking, age, family history, and gender. The main target organs affected by AH are the heart, brain, vessels, kidneys, and eye retina. AH onset can be counteracted or delayed by adopting a proper diet, characterized by a low saturated fat and sodium intake, a high fruit and vegetable intake, a moderate alcohol consumption, and achieving and maintaining over time the ideal body weight. In this review, we analyzed how a new nutritional approach, named caloric restriction diet (CRD), can provide a significant reduction in blood pressure values and an improvement of the endothelial dysfunction. In fact, CRD is able to counteract aging and delay the onset of CV and neurodegenerative diseases through the reduction of body fat mass, systolic and diastolic values, free radicals production, and oxidative stress. Currently, there are few studies on CRD effects in the long term, and it would be advisable to perform observational studies with longer follow-up.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu13010274