Sleep-Wake and Circadian Disorders after Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease affecting the central nervous system. Recently, the occurrence of TBEV infections has steadily increased, reaching all-time high incidence rates in European countries. Up to 50% of patients with TBE present neurological sequelae, among them slee...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2022-01, Vol.10 (2), p.304
Main Authors: Chiffi, Gabriele, Grandgirard, Denis, Sendi, Parham, Dietmann, Anelia, Bassetti, Claudio L A, Leib, Stephen L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Arachnids
Central nervous system
Children
Circadian rhythms
Climate change
Disorders
Encephalitis
Experimental research
Fatigue
Infectious diseases
Insomnia
Literature reviews
long-term sequela
Neurological complications
Parasitic diseases
Patients
Quality assessment
Quality control
Review
Sleep
Sleep and wakefulness
Sleep disorders
sleep-wake circadian disorders
Sleepiness
Tick-borne encephalitis
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Summary:Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease affecting the central nervous system. Recently, the occurrence of TBEV infections has steadily increased, reaching all-time high incidence rates in European countries. Up to 50% of patients with TBE present neurological sequelae, among them sleep-wake and circadian disorders (SWCD), which are poorly characterized. The aim of this review is to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of SWCD after TBE. The literature review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the paper was assessed using a standardized quality assessment. The analysis of SWCD was categorized into four different time intervals and two age groups. The literature search identified 15 studies, five including children and 10 including adults. In children, fatigue was most frequently observed with a prevalence of 73.9%, followed by somnolence/sleepiness, restlessness, and sleep-wake inversion. In adults, tiredness/fatigue was the most reported sequela with a prevalence of 27.4%, followed by extensive daytime sleepiness/somnolence, and insomnia (3.3%). Two studies showed impaired social outcomes in patients after TBE infections. SWCD after TBE in children and adults is a newly recognized sequela. Additional clinical and experimental research is needed to gain more precise insight into the clinical burden of SWCD after TBE and the underlying mechanisms.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms10020304