Th17 lymphocytes in respiratory syncytial virus infection

Infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects approximately 33 million infants annually worldwide and is a major cause of hospitalizations. Helper T lymphocytes (Th) play a central role in the immune response during such infections. However, Th lymphocytes that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2013-03, Vol.5 (3), p.777-791
Main Authors: Bystrom, Jonas, Al-Adhoubi, Nasra, Al-Bogami, Mohammed, Jawad, Ali S, Mageed, Rizgar A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Humans
Infant
interleukin 13
interleukin 17
interleukin 23
mucus
pneumovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - physiology
Review
RSV
Th17
Th17 Cells - immunology
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Summary:Infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects approximately 33 million infants annually worldwide and is a major cause of hospitalizations. Helper T lymphocytes (Th) play a central role in the immune response during such infections. However, Th lymphocytes that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), known as Th17 lymphocytes, in addition to been protective can also cause pathology that accompany this type of infection. The protective effects of Th17 is associated with better prognosis in most infected individuals but heightened Th17 responses causes inflammation and pathology in others. Studies employing animal models haves shown that activated Th17 lymphocytes recruit neutrophils and facilitate tertiary lymphoid structure development in infected lungs. However, IL-17 also inhibits the ability of CD8+ lymphocytes to clear viral particles and acts synergistically with the innate immune system to exacerbate inflammation. Furthermore, IL-17 enhances IL-13 production which, in turn, promotes the activation of Th2 lymphocytes and excessive mucus production. Studies of these animal models have also shown that a lack of, or inadequate, responses by the Th1 subset of T lymphocytes enhances Th17-mediated responses and that this is detrimental during RSV co-infection in experimental asthma. The available evidence, therefore, indicates that Th17 can play contradictory roles during RSV infections. The factors that determine the shift in the balance between beneficial and adverse Th17 mediated effects during RSV infection remains to be determined.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v5030777