High Salt Promotes Inflammatory and Fibrotic Response in Peritoneal Cells

Recent studies draw attention to how excessive salt (NaCl) intake induces fibrotic alterations in the peritoneum through sodium accumulation and osmotic events. The aim of our study was to better understand the underlying mechanisms. The effects of additional NaCl were investigated on human primary...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-09, Vol.24 (18), p.13765
Main Authors: Pap, Domonkos, Pajtók, Csenge, Veres-Székely, Apor, Szebeni, Beáta, Szász, Csenge, Bokrossy, Péter, Zrufkó, Réka, Vannay, Ádám, Tulassay, Tivadar, Szabó, Attila J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chronic kidney failure
Collagen
Cytokines
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Fibroblasts
fibrosis
Growth factors
Hemodialysis
Inflammation
Osmosis
osmotic stress
Patients
Peritoneal dialysis
peritoneum
Pharmaceutical industry
Salt
salt intake
Scientific equipment and supplies industry
Sodium
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Summary:Recent studies draw attention to how excessive salt (NaCl) intake induces fibrotic alterations in the peritoneum through sodium accumulation and osmotic events. The aim of our study was to better understand the underlying mechanisms. The effects of additional NaCl were investigated on human primary mesothelial cells (HPMC), human primary peritoneal fibroblasts (HPF), endothelial cells (HUVEC), immune cells (PBMC), as well as ex vivo on peritoneal tissue samples. Our results showed that a high-salt environment and the consequently increased osmolarity increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic growth factors, and components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, including IL1B, IL6, MCP1, TGFB1, PDGFB, CTGF, Renin and Ace both in vitro and ex vivo. We also demonstrated that high salt induces mesenchymal transition by decreasing the expression of epithelial marker CDH1 and increasing the expression of mesenchymal marker ACTA2 and SNAIL1 in HPMCs, HUVECs and peritoneal samples. Furthermore, high salt increased extracellular matrix production in HPFs. We demonstrated that excess Na+ and the consequently increased osmolarity induce a comprehensive profibrotic response in the peritoneal cells, thereby facilitating the development of peritoneal fibrosis.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms241813765