Host–Pathogen Interactions between Metarhizium spp. and Locusts

The progress in research on the interactions between Metarhizium spp. and locusts has improved our understanding of the interactions between fungal infection and host immunity. A general network of immune responses has been constructed, and the pathways regulating fungal pathogenicity have also been...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2022-06, Vol.8 (6), p.602
Main Authors: Li, Jun, Xia, Yuxian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biodegradation
Calcium-binding protein
Calmodulin
Cell-mediated immunity
Chitin
Ecdysone
Entomopathogenic fungi
Fatty acids
Fever
Fungal infections
Fungi
Genes
Germination
Herd immunity
Host-pathogen interactions
Humoral immunity
Hydrophobicity
Hydrophobins
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Insects
Kinases
Lipids
locust
Metarhizium
Orthoptera
Pathogenesis
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Pests
Population density
Protein kinase A
Proteins
Review
Transcription factors
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The progress in research on the interactions between Metarhizium spp. and locusts has improved our understanding of the interactions between fungal infection and host immunity. A general network of immune responses has been constructed, and the pathways regulating fungal pathogenicity have also been explored in depth. However, there have been no systematic surveys of interaction between Metarhizium spp. and locusts. The pathogenesis of Metarhizium comprises conidial attachment, germination, appressorial formation, and colonization in the body cavity of the host locusts. Meanwhile, the locust resists fungal infection through humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we summarize the crucial pathways that regulate the pathogenesis of Metarhizium and host immune defense. Conidial hydrophobicity is mainly affected by the contents of hydrophobins and chitin. Appressorial formation is regulated by the pathways of MAPKs, cAMP/PKA, and Ca2+/calmodulin. Lipid droplets degradation and secreted enzymes contributed to fungal penetration. The humoral response of locust is coordinated by the Toll pathway and the ecdysone. The regulatory mechanism of hemocyte differentiation and migration is elusive. In addition, behavioral fever and density-dependent population immunity have an impact on the resistance of hosts against fungal infection. This review depicts a prospect to help us understand host–pathogen interactions and provides a foundation for the engineering of entomopathogenic fungi and the discovery of insecticidal targets to control insect pests.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof8060602