Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Volatile Metabolites Produced by Some Bacillus spp. and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antibiotic Activities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-11, Vol.28 (22), p.7556
• Main Authors: Koilybayeva, Moldir, Shynykul, Zhanserik, Ustenova, Gulbaram, Waleron, Krzysztof, Jońca, Joanna, Mustafina, Kamilya, Amirkhanova, Akerke, Koloskova, Yekaterina, Bayaliyeva, Raushan, Akhayeva, Tamila, Alimzhanova, Mereke, Turgumbayeva, Aknur, Kurmangaliyeva, Gulden, Kantureyeva, Aigerim, Batyrbayeva, Dinara, Alibayeva, Zhazira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibiotics; antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacillus acidiproducens; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus toyonensis; Bacteria; Cancer; Chemicals; Drug resistance; Food; Illnesses; Infectious diseases; Metabolites; Microorganisms; Morphology; Pathogens; Peptides; Probiotics; Staphylococcus infections; VOCs; Volatile organic compounds
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227556

Bacillus species produce different classes of antimicrobial and antioxidant substances: peptides or proteins with different structural compositions and molecular masses and a broad range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which may serve as biomarkers for microorganism identification. The aim of this study is the identification of biologically active compounds synthesized by five Bacillus species using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The current study profoundly enhances the knowledge of antibacterial and antioxidant metabolites ensuring the unambiguous identification of VOCs produced by some Bacillus species, which were isolated from vegetable samples of potato, carrot, and tomato. Phylogenetic and biochemical studies were used to identify the bacterial isolates after culturing. Phylogenetic analysis proved that five bacterial isolates BSS12, BSS13, BSS16, BSS21, and BSS25 showed 99% nucleotide sequence similarities with Bacillus safensis AS-08, Bacillus cereus WAB2133, Bacillus acidiproducens NiuFun, Bacillus toyonesis FORT 102, and Bacillus thuringiensis F3, respectively. The crude extract was prepared from bacterial isolates to assess the antibiotic resistance potency and the antimicrobial potential against various targeted multidrug-resistant strains, including yeast strains such as Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and bacterial strains of Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus group B, Streptococcus mutans, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. GC–MS analysis of bacterial strains found that VOCs from Bacillus species come in a variety of chemical forms, such as ketones, alcohols, terpenoids, alkenes, etc. Overall, 69 volatile organic compounds were identified from five Bacillus species, and all five were found to share different chemical classes of volatile organic components, which have a variety of pharmacological applications. However, eight antibacterial compounds with different concentrations were commonly found in all five species: acetoin, acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, phenol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, nonanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid, methyl. The present study has demonstrated that bacterial isolates BSS25, BSS21, and BSS16 display potent inhibitory effects agains