Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Acylation

This work highlights how the treatment of ZSM-5 (parent Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, Si/Al = 23) with different surfactant templates and alkaline solution, improved the catalytic performance in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with a propionic anhydride to obtain p-methoxypropiophenone. The modifi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ChemEngineering 2019-06, Vol.3 (2), p.35
Main Authors: Smail, Heman, Rehan, Mohammad, Shareef, Kafia, Ramli, Zainab, Nizami, Abdul-Sattar, Gardy, Jabbar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acylation
Adsorption
Aluminum
Ammonia
Anisole
Atoms & subatomic particles
Catalysts
Caustic soda
Chemical engineering
Chemical synthesis
Crystal structure
Crystallography
Emission analysis
Field emission microscopy
Fourier transforms
Friedel-Crafts acylation
Friedel-Crafts reaction
Gas chromatography
Infrared analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
mesoporous zeolite
modification of ZSM-5
Morphology
Pore size
Radiation
Selectivity
Silicon
Surface area
Surfactants
Zeolites
ZSM-5
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Summary:This work highlights how the treatment of ZSM-5 (parent Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, Si/Al = 23) with different surfactant templates and alkaline solution, improved the catalytic performance in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with a propionic anhydride to obtain p-methoxypropiophenone. The modified microporous to mesoporous zeolite catalysts were characterized using different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen porosimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (ammonia-TPD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze the crystallographic structure, surface acidity, surface area, porosity, morphology, and particle size. The results showed that the formed mesoporous zeolite by NaOH solution had smaller mesopores (ca. 3.7 nm) as compared to the mesoporous zeolites obtained by surfactant templates, such as, CTAB (ca. 14.9 nm), TPAOH (ca. 11.1 nm) and mixture of CTAB/TPAOH (ca. 15.2 nm). The catalytic acylation reaction was conducted in a batch glass reactor at various temperatures and the products were analyzed using off-line gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the activity of treated ZSM-5 with mixed surfactant templates (CTAB/TPAOH) exhibited enhanced selectivity towards the main product (p-methoxypropiophenone) by a factor 1.7 or higher than unmodified ZSM-5 due to its increased surface area by 1.5 times and enhanced acid sites.
ISSN:2305-7084
2305-7084
DOI:10.3390/chemengineering3020035