The HTLV-1 Virological Synapse

Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) spreads efficiently between T-cells via a tight and highly organized cell-cell contact known as the virological synapse. It is now thought that many retroviruses and other viruses spread via a virological synapse, which may be defined as a virus-induced, special...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2010-07, Vol.2 (7), p.1427-1447
Main Authors: Nejmeddine, Mohamed, Bangham, Charles R M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cytoskeleton
HTLV-1 virological synapse
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
polarization
Retrovirus
Review
viral proteins
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Summary:Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) spreads efficiently between T-cells via a tight and highly organized cell-cell contact known as the virological synapse. It is now thought that many retroviruses and other viruses spread via a virological synapse, which may be defined as a virus-induced, specialized area of cell-to-cell contact that promotes the directed transmission of the virus between cells. We summarize here the mechanisms leading to the formation of the HTLV-1 virological synapse and the role played by HTLV-1 Tax protein. We propose a model of HTLV-1 transmission between T-cells based on the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the virological synapse. Finally, in the light of recent advances, we discuss the possible routes of HTLV-1 spread across the virological synapse.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v2071427