An in vitro assessment of type, position and incidence of isthmus in human permanent molars

Root canal anatomical complexities, such as isthmus, may limit the action of the endodontic instruments, irrigant solutions and intracanal medications, leading to endodontic treatment failure. This in vitro study assessed the type, position and incidence of isthmus in human permanent molars. One hun...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied oral science 2014-07, Vol.22 (4), p.274-281
Main Authors: Lima, Fernando José Camello de, Montagner, Francisco, Jacinto, Rogério Castilho, Ambrosano, Glaucia Maria Bovi, Gomes, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
Chi-Square Distribution
Dental Pulp Cavity - anatomy & histology
Dental Pulp Cavity - diagnostic imaging
Dentistry
DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE
Dentition, Permanent
Endodontics
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Molar
Molar - anatomy & histology
Molar - diagnostic imaging
Odontometry
Original
Radiography
Reference Values
Tooth Root - anatomy & histology
Tooth Root - diagnostic imaging
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Summary:Root canal anatomical complexities, such as isthmus, may limit the action of the endodontic instruments, irrigant solutions and intracanal medications, leading to endodontic treatment failure. This in vitro study assessed the type, position and incidence of isthmus in human permanent molars. One hundred and twenty eight upper and lower first and second permanent molars were analyzed. The roots were embedded in transparent resin, and then split at different distances from the apex (1.0-2.5-4.0-5.5-7.0 mm). Following the sample examination in stereomicroscope, the data were submitted to chi-square statistical test at a 5% significance level. The highest isthmus incidence was at 7.0 mm from the root apex in all samples, except the distal root of lower molars (at 5.5 mm). In upper and lower molars, type V (complete isthmus with a continuous opening between the two main root canals) was the most common classification of isthmus (28.8%). In the mesial root of first and second mandibular molars, type IV had the highest incidence (36% and 23.9%, respectively). It was concluded that isthmus was widely found in flat roots, with a low percentage in areas close to the apex. In upper and lower molars, these structures were most frequently found at 7 mm from the apex.
ISSN:1678-7757
1678-7765
1678-7765
1678-7757
DOI:10.1590/1678-775720130585