Biosynthetic Oligoclonal Antivenom (BOA) for Snakebite and Next-Generation Treatments for Snakebite Victims

Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that each year claims the lives of 80,000⁻140,000 victims worldwide. The only effective treatment against envenoming involves intravenous administration of antivenoms that comprise antibodies that have been isolated from the plasma of immunized an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2018-12, Vol.10 (12), p.534
Main Authors: Kini, R Manjunatha, Sidhu, Sachdev S, Laustsen, Andreas Hougaard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anaphylaxis
Animal bites
Animal husbandry
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antivenins - therapeutic use
Antivenom
Concept Paper
Enzyme inhibitors
Health facilities
Horses
Humans
Immunization
Intravenous administration
Mammals
Manufacturing industry
Monoclonal antibodies
neglected tropical diseases
next-generation antivenom
Pathophysiology
Phage display
Phages
Pharmacokinetics
Polyclonal antibodies
recombinant antivenom
Recombinant Proteins - therapeutic use
small molecule inhibitors
Snake bites
Snake Bites - drug therapy
snakebite envenoming
Snakes
Toxins
Venom
Venom toxins
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Summary:Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that each year claims the lives of 80,000⁻140,000 victims worldwide. The only effective treatment against envenoming involves intravenous administration of antivenoms that comprise antibodies that have been isolated from the plasma of immunized animals, typically horses. The drawbacks of such conventional horse-derived antivenoms include their propensity for causing allergenic adverse reactions due to their heterologous and foreign nature, an inability to effectively neutralize toxins in distal tissue, a low content of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, and a complex manufacturing process that is dependent on husbandry and procurement of snake venoms. In recent years, an opportunity to develop a fundamentally novel type of antivenom has presented itself. By using modern antibody discovery strategies, such as phage display selection, and repurposing small molecule enzyme inhibitors, next-generation antivenoms that obviate the drawbacks of existing plasma-derived antivenoms could be developed. This article describes the conceptualization of a novel therapeutic development strategy for biosynthetic oligoclonal antivenom (BOA) for snakebites based on recombinantly expressed oligoclonal mixtures of human monoclonal antibodies, possibly combined with repurposed small molecule enzyme inhibitors.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins10120534