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Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against Candida...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2024-12, Vol.14 (1), p.31125-13, Article 31125 |
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| creator | Yuan, Xin Cao, Dan Xiang, Yanghui Jiang, Xiuzhi Liu, Jiaying Bi, Kefan Dong, Xu Wu, Tiantian Zhang, Ying |
| description | Candida albicans
is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Of these, 14 maintained fungicidal activity at lower concentrations (0.25% and 0.125%). 5 essential oils (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, and Honey myrtle) showed the highest inhibitory effects on stationary-phase
Candida albicans
and inhibited hyphae elongation. Synergistic effects were observed when combining Palmarosa with amphotericin B (AmB) against growing-phase
Candida albicans
, while Cinnamon and Satureja montana with AmB showed superior efficacy against stationary-phase infections. We identified the active components of 5 essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found the following main constituents: Cinnamon primarily contains benzyl benzoate and eugenol, Satureja montana is dominated by carvacrol and cymene, Palmarosa features geraniol and geranyl acetate, Lemon eucalyptus includes dl-Isopulegol and citronellal, and Honey myrtle is characterized by citral and neral. Our results may aid in developing more effective antifungal treatments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-024-82380-0 |
| format | article |
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is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Of these, 14 maintained fungicidal activity at lower concentrations (0.25% and 0.125%). 5 essential oils (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, and Honey myrtle) showed the highest inhibitory effects on stationary-phase
Candida albicans
and inhibited hyphae elongation. Synergistic effects were observed when combining Palmarosa with amphotericin B (AmB) against growing-phase
Candida albicans
, while Cinnamon and Satureja montana with AmB showed superior efficacy against stationary-phase infections. We identified the active components of 5 essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found the following main constituents: Cinnamon primarily contains benzyl benzoate and eugenol, Satureja montana is dominated by carvacrol and cymene, Palmarosa features geraniol and geranyl acetate, Lemon eucalyptus includes dl-Isopulegol and citronellal, and Honey myrtle is characterized by citral and neral. Our results may aid in developing more effective antifungal treatments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82380-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39732745</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/326/193 ; 631/326/22 ; Acetic acid ; Amphotericin B ; Amphotericin B - pharmacology ; Antifungal activity ; Antifungal agents ; Antifungal Agents - chemistry ; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ; Antimicrobial activity ; Benzoic acid ; Candida albicans ; Candida albicans - drug effects ; Carvacrol ; Cinnamomum zeylanicum - chemistry ; Cinnamon ; Citral ; Citronellal ; Cymene ; Cymenes ; Drug combination ; Drug resistance ; Drug Synergism ; Essential oils ; Eucalyptus - chemistry ; Fungicidal activity ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; GC-MS ; Geranyl acetate ; Honey ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Hyphae ; Infections ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; multidisciplinary ; Neral ; Oils & fats ; Oils, Volatile - chemistry ; Oils, Volatile - pharmacology ; Opportunist infection ; Satureja - chemistry ; Satureja montana ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Stationary phase ; Synergistic effect</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2024-12, Vol.14 (1), p.31125-13, Article 31125</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c422t-366f6cafd712f52488adaee7b6bc9b51bdcb66226408c06fa748845aaa90cf563</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3149798682/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3149798682?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,25730,27900,27901,36988,36989,44565,53765,53767,75095</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39732745$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiang, Yanghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Xiuzhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jiaying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bi, Kefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Tiantian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ying</creatorcontrib><title>Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Candida albicans
is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Of these, 14 maintained fungicidal activity at lower concentrations (0.25% and 0.125%). 5 essential oils (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, and Honey myrtle) showed the highest inhibitory effects on stationary-phase
Candida albicans
and inhibited hyphae elongation. Synergistic effects were observed when combining Palmarosa with amphotericin B (AmB) against growing-phase
Candida albicans
, while Cinnamon and Satureja montana with AmB showed superior efficacy against stationary-phase infections. We identified the active components of 5 essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found the following main constituents: Cinnamon primarily contains benzyl benzoate and eugenol, Satureja montana is dominated by carvacrol and cymene, Palmarosa features geraniol and geranyl acetate, Lemon eucalyptus includes dl-Isopulegol and citronellal, and Honey myrtle is characterized by citral and neral. Our results may aid in developing more effective antifungal treatments.</description><subject>631/326/193</subject><subject>631/326/22</subject><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Amphotericin B</subject><subject>Amphotericin B - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antifungal activity</subject><subject>Antifungal agents</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antimicrobial activity</subject><subject>Benzoic acid</subject><subject>Candida albicans</subject><subject>Candida albicans - drug effects</subject><subject>Carvacrol</subject><subject>Cinnamomum zeylanicum - chemistry</subject><subject>Cinnamon</subject><subject>Citral</subject><subject>Citronellal</subject><subject>Cymene</subject><subject>Cymenes</subject><subject>Drug combination</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Synergism</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Eucalyptus - chemistry</subject><subject>Fungicidal activity</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>GC-MS</subject><subject>Geranyl acetate</subject><subject>Honey</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Hyphae</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Neral</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - chemistry</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - pharmacology</subject><subject>Opportunist infection</subject><subject>Satureja - chemistry</subject><subject>Satureja montana</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Stationary phase</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk1v3CAQhq2qVRMl-QM9VEi99OIWhg_jU5VGbRMpUi7NmWIMXlZeswWcav99yXrz1UO5gOZ95mUGpqreEfyJYCo_J0Z4K2sMrJZAJa7xq-oYMOM1UIDXz85H1VlKa1wWh5aR9m11RNuGQsP4cfXrfMrezdOgR6RN9nc-71BwyKZki1KiwY8J6alHeWV9RNuQD0LaTTYOPmVvkHXOmoz--LxCerNdFSh64yf09bR64_SY7NlhP6luv3_7eXFZX9_8uLo4v64NA8g1FcIJo13fEHAcmJS619Y2nehM23HS9aYTAkAwLA0WTjcFYVxr3WLjuKAn1dXi2we9VtvoNzruVNBe7QMhDkrHUupoVSewFQwY0PJ60lJZ0jvKhGu505zw4vVl8drO3cb2pjQc9fjC9KUy-ZUawp0iREhg5L6ajweHGH7PNmW18cnYcdSTDXNSlLBWSsBYFvTDP-g6zHEqb7WnmlYWz0LBQpkYUorWPVZDsLofCLUMhCotqf1AKFyS3j_v4zHl4fsLQBcgFWkabHy6-z-2fwFDjMF0</recordid><startdate>20241228</startdate><enddate>20241228</enddate><creator>Yuan, Xin</creator><creator>Cao, Dan</creator><creator>Xiang, Yanghui</creator><creator>Jiang, Xiuzhi</creator><creator>Liu, Jiaying</creator><creator>Bi, Kefan</creator><creator>Dong, Xu</creator><creator>Wu, Tiantian</creator><creator>Zhang, Ying</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Nature Portfolio</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20241228</creationdate><title>Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B</title><author>Yuan, Xin ; Cao, Dan ; Xiang, Yanghui ; Jiang, Xiuzhi ; Liu, Jiaying ; Bi, Kefan ; Dong, Xu ; Wu, Tiantian ; Zhang, Ying</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c422t-366f6cafd712f52488adaee7b6bc9b51bdcb66226408c06fa748845aaa90cf563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>631/326/193</topic><topic>631/326/22</topic><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Amphotericin B</topic><topic>Amphotericin B - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJÂ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yuan, Xin</au><au>Cao, Dan</au><au>Xiang, Yanghui</au><au>Jiang, Xiuzhi</au><au>Liu, Jiaying</au><au>Bi, Kefan</au><au>Dong, Xu</au><au>Wu, Tiantian</au><au>Zhang, Ying</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2024-12-28</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>31125</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>31125-13</pages><artnum>31125</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Candida albicans
is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Of these, 14 maintained fungicidal activity at lower concentrations (0.25% and 0.125%). 5 essential oils (Cinnamon, Satureja montana, Palmarosa, Lemon eucalyptus, and Honey myrtle) showed the highest inhibitory effects on stationary-phase
Candida albicans
and inhibited hyphae elongation. Synergistic effects were observed when combining Palmarosa with amphotericin B (AmB) against growing-phase
Candida albicans
, while Cinnamon and Satureja montana with AmB showed superior efficacy against stationary-phase infections. We identified the active components of 5 essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found the following main constituents: Cinnamon primarily contains benzyl benzoate and eugenol, Satureja montana is dominated by carvacrol and cymene, Palmarosa features geraniol and geranyl acetate, Lemon eucalyptus includes dl-Isopulegol and citronellal, and Honey myrtle is characterized by citral and neral. Our results may aid in developing more effective antifungal treatments.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>39732745</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-024-82380-0</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Publicly Available Content Database; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); PubMed Central; Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access |
| subjects | 631/326/193 631/326/22 Acetic acid Amphotericin B Amphotericin B - pharmacology Antifungal activity Antifungal agents Antifungal Agents - chemistry Antifungal Agents - pharmacology Antimicrobial activity Benzoic acid Candida albicans Candida albicans - drug effects Carvacrol Cinnamomum zeylanicum - chemistry Cinnamon Citral Citronellal Cymene Cymenes Drug combination Drug resistance Drug Synergism Essential oils Eucalyptus - chemistry Fungicidal activity Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS Geranyl acetate Honey Humanities and Social Sciences Hyphae Infections Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Microbial Sensitivity Tests multidisciplinary Neral Oils & fats Oils, Volatile - chemistry Oils, Volatile - pharmacology Opportunist infection Satureja - chemistry Satureja montana Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stationary phase Synergistic effect |
| title | Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B |
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