Biochar Derived from Rice by-Products for Arsenic and Chromium Removal by Adsorption: A Review

Environmental pollution by arsenic (As) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has been one of the most serious environmental problems in recent years around the world. Their presence in water is a result of both natural and anthropogenic activities, and poses serious risks to human health due to their hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of composites science 2023-02, Vol.7 (2), p.59
Main Authors: Chatzimichailidou, Stella, Xanthopoulou, Maria, Tolkou, Athanasia K., Katsoyiannis, Ioannis A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Analysis
Arsenic
arsenic adsorption
Arsenic removal
biochar
Biomass
Chemical precipitation
Chromium
chromium adsorption
Drinking water
Electrodes
Energy consumption
Hazardous materials
Heavy metals
Hexavalent chromium
Human influences
Literature reviews
Methods
Oxidation
Pollutants
Pore size
Properties
Pyrolysis
Raw materials
Rice
rice husk
rice straw
Toxicity
Ultraviolet radiation
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Summary:Environmental pollution by arsenic (As) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has been one of the most serious environmental problems in recent years around the world. Their presence in water is a result of both natural and anthropogenic activities, and poses serious risks to human health due to their high toxicity. Adsorption is a leading method used to remove arsenic and chromium, with biochar, a carbonaceous pyrolytic product made from various types of biomass, under low oxygen conditions, being one of the most common adsorbents due to its high surface area. Although biochar’s ability to immobilize and remove As and Cr(VI) is high, in order to increase the adsorption capacity and nutrient release potential of rice husk biochar, it is essential to select an appropriate pyrolysis and biochar modification technique. Physical or biological activation, steam/gas activation, UV irradiation, magnetization, alkali/acid treatment, and nano-modification are the main modification methods that will be discussed in this review. These modifications have led to multi-fold enhancement in adsorption/reduction capacity of As and Cr(VI), compared with plain biochar. This review provides a recent literature overview of the different biochar modification methods, as well as the factors that influence their capacity to successfully remove As and Cr(VI), along with regeneration potentials.
ISSN:2504-477X
2504-477X
DOI:10.3390/jcs7020059