Preparation, Statistical Optimization and Characterization of Propolis-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design

• Published in: Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin 2021-02, Vol.11 (2), p.301-310
• Main Authors: Taherzadeh, Sahar, Naeimifar, Atefeh, Mehrabani Yeganeh, Ehsan, Esmaili, Zahra, Mahjoub, Reza, Akbari Javar, Hamid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aluminum; box-behnken design; drug delivery; Efficiency; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Natural products; Particle size; Polyethylene glycol; propolis; Scanning electron microscopy; Skin; solid lipid nanoparticles (sln); solvent emulsification-evaporation method; Solvents; Surfactants
• ISSN: 2228-5881; 2251-7308
• DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.043

Over the last decades, several researches have been carried out on identification of the composition, medical applications and biological properties of propolis.2 It is employed in cosmeceuticals, either in combination with other natural products or in pure form, and also as a constituent of nutritious foods.3 Propolis is a lipophilic material that is hard and breakable in cold temperatures, but by increasing temperature, it converts to a soft, flexible and very adhesive substance.4 This natural product possesses many biological and pharmacological properties; for instance, immunomodulatory,5,6 anti-tumor,7,8 anti-inflammatory,9 anti-oxidant,10-12 anti-bacterial,13,14 anti-viral,15,16 anti-fungal,17,18 and anti-parasite19,20 effects. SLNs particle size varies from 50 to 1000 nm and they are solid at body temperature and room conditions.27,28 Noticeable privileges of SLNs comprise controlled release behaviour, insignificant skin irritation, and protection of the loaded active compounds from environmental degradation.29 As SLNs consist of physiologically compatible, non-poisonous and non-irritative lipids, they are suggested as an appropriate candidate for administration on inflamed and damaged skin. The spectrophotometric assay was performed based on the formation of a complex between the aluminum ion (i.e. Al (III)) and the carbonyl and the hydroxyl groups of total flavones and flavonols in the propolis ethanolic extract.30 For performing analysis by colorimetric method using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, a stock standard solution of galangin (100 μg/mL) was prepared by dissolving accurately weighed quantity of galangin in ethanol, and series of working standard solutions were made by adequate dilution of the stock solution with ethanol to supply concentrations of 50 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 10 μg/ mL, 5 μg/mL, and 1 μg/mL. [...]opalescent colloidal nano-suspension was formed.