Wearable Label‐Free Optical Biodetectors: Progress and Perspectives

Biomarkers are the primary indicators of human health. Measurements traditionally rely on targeted binding and assays, which, in turn, rely on specific “labels” that define the biomarker or molecule of interest. While selective and specific, label‐based approaches limit the range of biomarkers a tec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced photonics research 2021-02, Vol.2 (2), p.n/a
Main Authors: Dhanabalan, Shanmuga Sundar, Sriram, Sharath, Walia, Sumeet, Avaninathan, Sivanantha Raja, Carrasco, Marcos Flores, Bhaskaran, Madhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Anemia
Biomarkers
biosensors
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Creatinine
Cyanosis
Diabetes
Electrolytes
Glucose
Heart
Hormones
Hyperglycemia
Inflammation
Kidney diseases
label-free
Lipids
Liver
Metabolites
Older people
optical detection
optical technology
Oxidative stress
Potassium
Sensors
Skin
Thyroid gland
Vitamin deficiency
wearables
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Summary:Biomarkers are the primary indicators of human health. Measurements traditionally rely on targeted binding and assays, which, in turn, rely on specific “labels” that define the biomarker or molecule of interest. While selective and specific, label‐based approaches limit the range of biomarkers a technology can detect. Technologies that can detect and analyze a broad range of biomarkers offer versatility, especially rapid repurposing for new targets. Optical technologies for label‐free biomarker sensing enable noninvasive, minimal‐contact, and wearable or point‐of‐care rapid diagnostic measurements. Herein, label‐free biomarker detection is reviewed with an emphasis on progress toward miniaturized and noninvasive wearable devices. Compact light‐emitting devices and optical detection technologies are presented, tailored for a large range of biomarkers, including recent advances in battery‐free devices. Label‐free detection is reusable, reagent‐free, and allows continuous long‐term monitoring. The potential for optical technologies for label‐free detection in terms of integration, device design, and future applications is summarized. The human body constantly produces and manages biomarkers, which are indicative of health and well‐being. Significant advancements in biomarker detection are required to provide the best and accurate results, especially for noninvasive and continuous monitoring. Detailed insight about critical biomarkers, progress in optical detection methods, research gaps, and opportunities for advanced wearable label‐free optical detectors are provided.
ISSN:2699-9293
2699-9293
DOI:10.1002/adpr.202000076