New Insights into the Function of the Immunoproteasome in Immune and Nonimmune Cells

The immunoproteasome is a highly efficient proteolytic machinery derived from the constitutive proteasome and is abundantly expressed in immune cells. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in the immune system because it degrades intracellular proteins, for example, those of viral origin, into...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunology research 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-8
Main Authors: Suzuki, Koichi, Takahashi, M., Caturegli, Patrizio, Kimura, Hiroaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigen Presentation
Antigens
Antigens, Viral - immunology
Autoantigens - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - therapy
Autoimmunity
Carcinogenesis
Cell cycle
Cytokines
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune system
Immunology
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Influenza
Lymphocyte Activation
Metabolic disorders
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - immunology
Proteins
Review
Roles
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - virology
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumors
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - therapy
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Summary:The immunoproteasome is a highly efficient proteolytic machinery derived from the constitutive proteasome and is abundantly expressed in immune cells. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in the immune system because it degrades intracellular proteins, for example, those of viral origin, into small proteins. They are further digested into short peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In addition, the immunoproteasome influences inflammatory disease pathogenesis through its ability to regulate T cell polarization. The immunoproteasome is also expressed in nonimmune cell types during inflammation or neoplastic transformation, supporting a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. Following the success of inhibitors of the constitutive proteasome, which is now an established treatment modality for multiple myeloma, compounds that selectively inhibit the immunoproteasome are currently under active investigation. This paper will review the functions of the immunoproteasome, highlighting areas where novel pharmacological treatments that regulate immunoproteasome activity could be developed.
ISSN:2314-8861
2314-7156
DOI:10.1155/2015/541984