In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Plicataloside Isolated from the Leaf Latex of Aloe rugosifolia Gilbert & Sebsebe (Asphodelaceae)

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.27 (4), p.1400
• Main Authors: Chemeda, Gete, Bisrat, Daniel, Yeshak, Mariamawit Y, Asres, Kaleab
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aloe; Aloe - chemistry; Aloe rugosifolia; antileishmanial; Antiprotozoal Agents - chemistry; Antiprotozoal Agents - pharmacology; antitrypanosomal; Clinical isolates; Developing countries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug development; In vivo methods and tests; Incubation; Infections; Infectivity; Latex; Latex - chemistry; LDCs; Leaves; Leishmania - drug effects; Leishmania aethiopica; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis; Molecular Structure; Motility; Naphthalene; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Parasites; Parasitic diseases; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Promastigotes; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thin layer chromatography; Tropical diseases; Trypanocidal Agents - chemistry; Trypanocidal Agents - pharmacology; Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosomiasis; Vector-borne diseases
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041400

Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are among the major neglected diseases that affect poor people, mainly in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the latex of Gilbert & Sebsebe is traditionally used for the treatment of protozoal diseases, among others. In this study, the in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of the leaf latex of was evaluated against field isolate using in vitro motility and in vivo infectivity tests. The latex was also tested against the promastigotes of and clinical isolates using alamar blue assay. Preparative thin-layer chromatography of the latex afforded a naphthalene derivative identified as plicataloside (2,8- , -di-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-naphthalene) by means of spectroscopic techniques (HRESI-MS, H, C-NMR). Results of the study demonstrated that at 4.0 mg/mL concentration plicataloside arrested mobility of trypanosomes within 30 min of incubation period. Furthermore, plicataloside completely eliminated subsequent infectivity in mice for 30 days at concentrations of 4.0 and 2.0 mg/mL. Plicataloside also displayed antileishmanial activity against the promastigotes of and with IC values 14.22 ± 0.41 µg/mL (27.66 ± 0.80 µM) and 18.86 ± 0.03 µg/mL (36.69 ± 0.06 µM), respectively. Thus, plicataloside may be used as a scaffold for the development of novel drugs effective against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.