Rising Incidence of Legionnaires' Disease and Associated Epidemiologic Patterns, United States, 1992-2018

Reported Legionnaires' disease (LD) cases began increasing in the United States in 2003 after relatively stable numbers for >10 years; reasons for the rise are unclear. We compared epidemiologic patterns associated with cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention before...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases 2022-03, Vol.28 (3), p.527-538
Main Authors: Barskey, Albert E, Derado, Gordana, Edens, Chris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
African Americans
Age groups
Antibodies
Bacteria
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S
Demographic aspects
Disease control
Epidemics
epidemiology
Ethnicity
Forecasts and trends
Health surveillance
Humans
Illnesses
Incidence
Legionella
Legionellosis
Legionnaire's disease
Legionnaires' disease
Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology
New England
Pneumonia
Population
Rising Incidence of Legionnaires’ Disease and Associated Epidemiologic Patterns, United States, 1992–2018
Seasonal variations
Statistics
surveillance
United States
United States - epidemiology
White people
Womens health
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Summary:Reported Legionnaires' disease (LD) cases began increasing in the United States in 2003 after relatively stable numbers for >10 years; reasons for the rise are unclear. We compared epidemiologic patterns associated with cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention before and during the rise. The age-standardized average incidence was 0.48 cases/100,000 population during 1992-2002 compared with 2.71 cases/100,000 in 2018. Reported LD incidence increased in nearly every demographic, but increases tended to be larger in demographic groups with higher incidence. During both periods, the largest number of cases occurred among White persons, but the highest incidence was in Black or African American persons. Incidence and increases in incidence were generally largest in the East North Central, Middle Atlantic, and New England divisions. Seasonality was more pronounced during 2003-2018, especially in the Northeast and Midwest. Rising incidence was most notably associated with increasing racial disparities, geographic focus, and seasonality.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2803.211435