An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya

This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fing...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemistry 2022-06, Vol.2022, p.1-12
Main Authors: Bobaker, Aiman M., Alakili, Intisar, Elkhidir, Elrashied E., Sarmani, Sukiman B., Yaseen, Zaher Mundher
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid digestion
Acids
Agriculture
Arsenic
Biomarkers
Body fluids
Cadmium
Case studies
Epidemiology
Farmers
Hair
Health aspects
Health hazards
Heavy metals
High schools
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Lead
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metal industry
Nails (Anatomy)
Questionnaires
Toxicology
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53
container_end_page 12
container_issue
container_start_page 1
container_title Journal of chemistry
container_volume 2022
creator Bobaker, Aiman M.
Alakili, Intisar
Elkhidir, Elrashied E.
Sarmani, Sukiman B.
Yaseen, Zaher Mundher
description This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fingernails were also evaluated. This cross-sectional study involved 127 farmers and 25 high school teachers living in the same geographical area as the farmers (served as the control group). Fingernail samples of the participants were collected, treated, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Cd, and Pb contents after microwave acid digestion. Results of this study indicated that the concentration levels of the investigated heavy metals in fingernail samples of both participating farmers and control group were in order of Pb > Cd > As. Also, the results showed that As, Cd, and Pb levels in the farmers’ fingernails were found to be higher than in the control group by about 9-, 5-, and 2-fold, respectively. This difference for all heavy metals analyzed was found to be statistically significant P
doi_str_mv 10.1155/2022/5102599
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b72184d8e12a459382dd336d6eeabf53</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A814827297</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_b72184d8e12a459382dd336d6eeabf53</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A814827297</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1qGzEUhYfSQkOaXR9goMvGjn5HUnbG1I3BJYu2a3GtH1fGIyXSOMG7vEZfr09SORNSAqHSQuLouweOTtN8xGiKMecXBBFywTEiXKk3zQlBCk0UEvjt872j75uzUraoLikpJ-KkgVlsl_HOlSFsYAgptj7l9srB3aH95gbYlT8Pv9t5igP0IY5EiO0Ccu_y49sixI3LEcKuXLZzKK79Puzt4UitwvoAH5p3vtq4s6fztPm5-PJjfjVZXX9dzmeriWGUDpOOMimtctYK5aUwHUPeGmYFiM4oLgyuWRCrmlXeO-kNBdQBtpYpIT2np81y9LUJtvomhx7yQScI-lFIeaMhD8HsnF4LgiWz0mECjCsqibWUdrZzDtbVqnp9Gr1ucrrd18_R27SvGXdFk04KTpRi4h-1gWoaok9DBtOHYvRMYiaJIOpITV-h6rauDyZF50PVXwycjwMmp1Ky889hMNLHqvWxav1UdcU_j_ivEC3ch__TfwGvZae-</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2687529947</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Collection</source><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Bobaker, Aiman M. ; Alakili, Intisar ; Elkhidir, Elrashied E. ; Sarmani, Sukiman B. ; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</creator><contributor>Ahmed, Mahmood ; Mahmood Ahmed</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bobaker, Aiman M. ; Alakili, Intisar ; Elkhidir, Elrashied E. ; Sarmani, Sukiman B. ; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher ; Ahmed, Mahmood ; Mahmood Ahmed</creatorcontrib><description>This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fingernails were also evaluated. This cross-sectional study involved 127 farmers and 25 high school teachers living in the same geographical area as the farmers (served as the control group). Fingernail samples of the participants were collected, treated, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Cd, and Pb contents after microwave acid digestion. Results of this study indicated that the concentration levels of the investigated heavy metals in fingernail samples of both participating farmers and control group were in order of Pb &gt; Cd &gt; As. Also, the results showed that As, Cd, and Pb levels in the farmers’ fingernails were found to be higher than in the control group by about 9-, 5-, and 2-fold, respectively. This difference for all heavy metals analyzed was found to be statistically significant P&lt;0.05. As a conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicated that Libyan farmers have been exposed to high levels of toxic heavy metals as a result of their agricultural activities compared with the general population living in the same geographical area as farmers, which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. Thus, toxicological, epidemiological, and clinical studies for the Libyan farmers are strongly recommended.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2090-9063</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2090-9071</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2022/5102599</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Acid digestion ; Acids ; Agriculture ; Arsenic ; Biomarkers ; Body fluids ; Cadmium ; Case studies ; Epidemiology ; Farmers ; Hair ; Health aspects ; Health hazards ; Heavy metals ; High schools ; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; Lead ; Mass spectrometry ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Metal industry ; Nails (Anatomy) ; Questionnaires ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Journal of chemistry, 2022-06, Vol.2022, p.1-12</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022 Aiman M. Bobaker et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Aiman M. Bobaker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7662-1538</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2687529947/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2687529947?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Ahmed, Mahmood</contributor><contributor>Mahmood Ahmed</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bobaker, Aiman M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alakili, Intisar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elkhidir, Elrashied E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarmani, Sukiman B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</creatorcontrib><title>An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya</title><title>Journal of chemistry</title><description>This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fingernails were also evaluated. This cross-sectional study involved 127 farmers and 25 high school teachers living in the same geographical area as the farmers (served as the control group). Fingernail samples of the participants were collected, treated, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Cd, and Pb contents after microwave acid digestion. Results of this study indicated that the concentration levels of the investigated heavy metals in fingernail samples of both participating farmers and control group were in order of Pb &gt; Cd &gt; As. Also, the results showed that As, Cd, and Pb levels in the farmers’ fingernails were found to be higher than in the control group by about 9-, 5-, and 2-fold, respectively. This difference for all heavy metals analyzed was found to be statistically significant P&lt;0.05. As a conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicated that Libyan farmers have been exposed to high levels of toxic heavy metals as a result of their agricultural activities compared with the general population living in the same geographical area as farmers, which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. Thus, toxicological, epidemiological, and clinical studies for the Libyan farmers are strongly recommended.</description><subject>Acid digestion</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Body fluids</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Farmers</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>High schools</subject><subject>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Metal industry</subject><subject>Nails (Anatomy)</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>2090-9063</issn><issn>2090-9071</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1qGzEUhYfSQkOaXR9goMvGjn5HUnbG1I3BJYu2a3GtH1fGIyXSOMG7vEZfr09SORNSAqHSQuLouweOTtN8xGiKMecXBBFywTEiXKk3zQlBCk0UEvjt872j75uzUraoLikpJ-KkgVlsl_HOlSFsYAgptj7l9srB3aH95gbYlT8Pv9t5igP0IY5EiO0Ccu_y49sixI3LEcKuXLZzKK79Puzt4UitwvoAH5p3vtq4s6fztPm5-PJjfjVZXX9dzmeriWGUDpOOMimtctYK5aUwHUPeGmYFiM4oLgyuWRCrmlXeO-kNBdQBtpYpIT2np81y9LUJtvomhx7yQScI-lFIeaMhD8HsnF4LgiWz0mECjCsqibWUdrZzDtbVqnp9Gr1ucrrd18_R27SvGXdFk04KTpRi4h-1gWoaok9DBtOHYvRMYiaJIOpITV-h6rauDyZF50PVXwycjwMmp1Ky889hMNLHqvWxav1UdcU_j_ivEC3ch__TfwGvZae-</recordid><startdate>20220627</startdate><enddate>20220627</enddate><creator>Bobaker, Aiman M.</creator><creator>Alakili, Intisar</creator><creator>Elkhidir, Elrashied E.</creator><creator>Sarmani, Sukiman B.</creator><creator>Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-1538</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220627</creationdate><title>An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya</title><author>Bobaker, Aiman M. ; Alakili, Intisar ; Elkhidir, Elrashied E. ; Sarmani, Sukiman B. ; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acid digestion</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Body fluids</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Farmers</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health hazards</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>High schools</topic><topic>Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Metal industry</topic><topic>Nails (Anatomy)</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bobaker, Aiman M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alakili, Intisar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elkhidir, Elrashied E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarmani, Sukiman B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</creatorcontrib><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Journal of chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bobaker, Aiman M.</au><au>Alakili, Intisar</au><au>Elkhidir, Elrashied E.</au><au>Sarmani, Sukiman B.</au><au>Yaseen, Zaher Mundher</au><au>Ahmed, Mahmood</au><au>Mahmood Ahmed</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya</atitle><jtitle>Journal of chemistry</jtitle><date>2022-06-27</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>2022</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>1-12</pages><issn>2090-9063</issn><eissn>2090-9071</eissn><abstract>This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fingernails were also evaluated. This cross-sectional study involved 127 farmers and 25 high school teachers living in the same geographical area as the farmers (served as the control group). Fingernail samples of the participants were collected, treated, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Cd, and Pb contents after microwave acid digestion. Results of this study indicated that the concentration levels of the investigated heavy metals in fingernail samples of both participating farmers and control group were in order of Pb &gt; Cd &gt; As. Also, the results showed that As, Cd, and Pb levels in the farmers’ fingernails were found to be higher than in the control group by about 9-, 5-, and 2-fold, respectively. This difference for all heavy metals analyzed was found to be statistically significant P&lt;0.05. As a conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicated that Libyan farmers have been exposed to high levels of toxic heavy metals as a result of their agricultural activities compared with the general population living in the same geographical area as farmers, which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. Thus, toxicological, epidemiological, and clinical studies for the Libyan farmers are strongly recommended.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><doi>10.1155/2022/5102599</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-1538</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2090-9063
ispartof Journal of chemistry, 2022-06, Vol.2022, p.1-12
issn 2090-9063
2090-9071
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b72184d8e12a459382dd336d6eeabf53
source Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Collection; Publicly Available Content Database; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Acid digestion
Acids
Agriculture
Arsenic
Biomarkers
Body fluids
Cadmium
Case studies
Epidemiology
Farmers
Hair
Health aspects
Health hazards
Heavy metals
High schools
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Lead
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metal industry
Nails (Anatomy)
Questionnaires
Toxicology
title An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-29T15%3A19%3A45IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An%20Investigation%20for%20Heavy%20Metals%E2%80%99%20Contamination%20in%20Farmers%E2%80%99%20Fingernails:%20Case%20Study%20in%20Libya&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20chemistry&rft.au=Bobaker,%20Aiman%20M.&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft.volume=2022&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=12&rft.pages=1-12&rft.issn=2090-9063&rft.eissn=2090-9071&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155/2022/5102599&rft_dat=%3Cgale_doaj_%3EA814827297%3C/gale_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-63488d9edd79f87c640fdc4d7a76c957c107104fdcd9ffe8fc3a06a1dd4978f53%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2687529947&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A814827297&rfr_iscdi=true