Divergence between Neuronal and Oligodendroglial Cell Fate, in Postnatal Brain Neural Stem Cells, Leads to Divergent Properties in Polymorphic In Vitro Assays

Two main stem cell pools exist in the postnatal mammalian brain that, although they share some "stemness" properties, also exhibit significant differences. Multipotent neural stem cells survive within specialized microenvironments, called niches, and they are vulnerable to ageing. Oligoden...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-05, Vol.11 (11), p.1743
Main Authors: Anesti, Maria, Magkafa, Stavroula, Prantikou, Efstathia, Kazanis, Ilias
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Analysis
Animals
Antibodies
Brain
Brain stem
Cell fate
Cell migration
Divergence
Epidermal growth factor
Health aspects
Integrins
Laboratory animals
Laminin
Mammals
microenvironment
Microenvironments
Neural Stem Cells
Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis - physiology
Neurons
oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
oligodendrogenesis
Oligodendroglia
Parenchyma
Progenitor cells
Stem cells
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Summary:Two main stem cell pools exist in the postnatal mammalian brain that, although they share some "stemness" properties, also exhibit significant differences. Multipotent neural stem cells survive within specialized microenvironments, called niches, and they are vulnerable to ageing. Oligodendroglial lineage-restricted progenitor cells are widely distributed in the brain parenchyma and are more resistant to the effects of ageing. Here, we create polymorphic neural stem cell cultures and allow cells to progress towards the neuronal and the oligodendroglial lineage. We show that the divergence of cell fate is accompanied by a divergence in the properties of progenitors, which reflects their adaptation to life in the niche or the parenchyma. Neurogenesis shows significant spatial restrictions and a dependence on laminin, a major niche component, while oligodendrogenesis shows none of these constraints. Furthermore, the blocking of integrin-β1 leads to opposing effects, reducing neurogenesis and enhancing oligodendrogenesis. Therefore, polymorphic neural stem cell assays can be used to investigate the divergence of postnatal brain stem cells and also to predict the in vivo effects of potential therapeutic molecules targeting stem and progenitor cells, as we do for the microneurotrophin BNN-20.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells11111743