Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of perinatal grief scale in Urdu: Addressing a gap in the research of perinatal loss in Pakistan–Cross‐sectional validation study

• Published in: Health science reports 2024-04, Vol.7 (4), p.e1999-n/a
• Main Authors: Nisa, Maryam, Laila, Seema, Muzzamil, Muhammad, Ghafoor, Anum, Zakir, Najma, Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb, Malik, Abid, Malikzai, Abdullah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abortion; Bilingualism; Births; Cronbach's alpha; Demographics; Discriminant analysis; Families & family life; Grief; Gynecology; Hospitals; Likert scale; Mental health; Obstetrics; Original Research; perinatal bereavement; perinatal grief scale; perinatal‐loss; Pregnancy; Professionals; Public health; Questionnaires; Stillbirth; Validation studies; validation study; Validity; Womens health
• ISSN: 2398-8835; 2398-8835
• DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1999

Background and Aims Perinatal grief have a significant influence on maternal mental health, hence appropriate tools for assessment are necessary. In this study, we translated and validated the Perinatal Grief Scale in Urdu (PGS‐Urdu) for use in Pakistan, therefore filling the gap in validated tools. Methods Data was collected from 165 women using consecutive sampling. Initially, “forward/backward” translation was used. For validity, content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used respectively, and “Cronbach's‐Alpha” for reliability. In the validity stage, items 8, 11, 23, and 32 of the original scale were eliminated based on feedback from the target groups and the expert panel. For data‐analysis, SPSS 26 and Amos 26 were used. Results In analyzing the “Confirmatory factor analysis”, the “all‐fitness indicators” validated the three‐factor structure of 29‐item main scale. Cronbach alpha value was 0.83 for the entire scale The CFA results showed that all fitness indicators, with the exception of four, had loadings greater than 0.20, supporting the main scale's three‐factor structure. With a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.83 for overall reliability, and varied from 0.81 to 0.87 for the PGS‐U variables. the PGS‐U exhibits an acceptable level of internal consistency. Conclusion The PGS‐U identifies women in perinatal grief for medical and social care. This research supports using the Urdu perinatal grief scale in obstetrics and bereavement counseling to reduce maternal mental health issues. Highlights Perinatal grief is a major contributor to maternal mental health problems. This study translated and validated the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) into Urdu (PGS‐U) for use in Pakistani women with perinatal loss. The PGS‐U was found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing perinatal grief in Pakistan.