Synthetic Cathinones: Epidemiology, Toxicity, Potential for Abuse, and Current Public Health Perspective

Synthetic cathinones, derived from cathinone found in the plant Catha edulis, represent the second largest and most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. They are considered as β-keto analogs of amphetamine, sharing pharmacological effects with amphetamine and cocaine. This review...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain sciences 2024-04, Vol.14 (4), p.334
Main Authors: Chen, Shanshan, Zhou, Wenhua, Lai, Miaojun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
abuse
adverse effects
Amphetamines
Animal models
Cocaine
Drug abuse
Drug dealing
Drug dosages
Drug traffic
Epidemiology
Hallucinations
Inflammation
Monoamine transporter
Neurotoxicity
new psychoactive substances
Pharmacokinetics
Psychotropic drugs
Public health
Reviews
synthetic cathinones
Toxicity
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Summary:Synthetic cathinones, derived from cathinone found in the plant Catha edulis, represent the second largest and most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances. They are considered as β-keto analogs of amphetamine, sharing pharmacological effects with amphetamine and cocaine. This review describes the neurotoxic properties of synthetic cathinones, encompassing their capacity to induce neuroinflammation, dysregulate neurotransmitter systems, and alter monoamine transporters and receptors. Additionally, it discusses the rewarding and abuse potential of synthetic cathinones drawing from findings obtained through various preclinical animal models, contextualized with other classical psychostimulants. The review also offers an overview of current abuse trends of synthetic cathinones on the illicit drug market, specifying the aspects covered, and underscores the risks they pose to public health. Finally, the review discusses public health initiatives and efforts to reduce the hazards of synthetic cathinones, including harm reduction methods, education, and current clinical management strategies.
ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci14040334