Chemical Heating for Minimally Instrumented Point-of-Care (POC) Molecular Diagnostics

The minimal instrumentation of portable medical diagnostic devices for point-of-care applications is facilitated by using chemical heating in place of temperature-regulated electrical heaters. The main applications are for isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and other enzymatic assay...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biosensors (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.14 (11), p.554
Main Authors: Mauk, Michael G, Ansah, Felix, El-Tholoth, Mohamed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air temperature
Biosensing Techniques
Calcium buffering
chemical heating
Chemical reactions
Control equipment
Diagnostic equipment (Medical)
diagnostics
Electricity
Enzymes
Exothermic reactions
Heat
Heating
Humans
Instrumentation
Instruments
isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Lithium
Magnesium
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
Natural disasters
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Nucleic acids
Oxidation
Pathology, Molecular
Phase change materials
POC (point-of-care)
Point-of-Care Systems
Portable equipment
Review
self-heating
Smartphones
Sodium
Temperature
Temperature requirements
Thermal cycling
Water
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Summary:The minimal instrumentation of portable medical diagnostic devices for point-of-care applications is facilitated by using chemical heating in place of temperature-regulated electrical heaters. The main applications are for isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and other enzymatic assays that require elevated, controlled temperatures. In the most common implementation, heat is generated by the exothermic reaction of a metal (e.g., magnesium, calcium, or lithium) with water or air, buffered by a phase-change material that maintains a near-constant temperature to heat the assay reactions. The ability to incubate NAATs electricity-free and to further to detect amplification with minimal instrumentation opens the door for fully disposable, inexpensive molecular diagnostic devices that can be used for pathogen detection as needed in resource-limited areas and during natural disasters, wars, and civil disturbances when access to electricity may be interrupted. Several design approaches are reviewed, including more elaborate schemes for multiple stages of incubation at different temperatures.
ISSN:2079-6374
2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios14110554