The Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Since its outbreak in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to an enormous rise in scientific response with an excess of COVID-19-related studies on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic appro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2021-09, Vol.13 (9), p.1879
Main Authors: Dęborska-Materkowska, Dominika, Kamińska, Dorota
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell-mediated immunity
cellular immunity
Chemokines
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Cytokine storm
Cytokines
Endothelium
Fatalities
Hospitalization
humoral immunity
Immunocompromised hosts
Immunology
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppressive agents
Infections
Kidney transplants
Liver
Lymphocytes T
Mortality
Pandemics
Population
Proteins
Respiratory distress syndrome
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
solid organ transplant recipients
Transplantation
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
vaccination
Viral infections
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Summary:Since its outbreak in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to an enormous rise in scientific response with an excess of COVID-19-related studies on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are a heterogeneous population with long-lasting immunosuppression as a joining element. Immunocompromised patients are a vulnerable population with a high risk of severe infections and an increased infection-related mortality rate. It was postulated that the hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19 could be alleviated by immunosuppressive therapy in SOT patients. On the other hand, it was previously established that T cell-mediated immunity, which is significantly weakened in SOT recipients, is the main component of antiviral immune responses. In this paper, we present the current state of science on COVID-19 immunology in relation to solid organ transplantation with prospective therapeutic and vaccination strategies in this population.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v13091879