Impact of Reactive Species on Amino Acids-Biological Relevance in Proteins and Induced Pathologies

This review examines the impact of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogens RHS) on various amino acids, analyzed from a reactive point of view of how during these reactions, the molecules are hydroxylated, nitrated, or halogenated such that they can lose their capacity to form...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-11, Vol.23 (22), p.14049
Main Authors: Andrés, Celia María Curieses, Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel, Andrés Juan, Celia, Plou, Francisco J, Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alanine
Alzheimer's disease
Amino acids
Amino Acids - metabolism
Asparagine
Biomarkers
Cysteine
Damage assessment
Enzymes
Free radicals
Glutamine
Glycine
Histidine
Hypochlorous acid
Immunology
Lysine
Methionine
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Peptides
Physiology
Proteins
reactive species
reactive stress
Review
RHS
RNS
ROS
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Valine
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Summary:This review examines the impact of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogens RHS) on various amino acids, analyzed from a reactive point of view of how during these reactions, the molecules are hydroxylated, nitrated, or halogenated such that they can lose their capacity to form part of the proteins or peptides, and can lose their function. The reactions of the RS with several amino acids are described, and an attempt was made to review and explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the hydroxylated, nitrated, and halogenated derivatives. One aim of this work is to provide a theoretical analysis of the amino acids and derivatives compounds in the possible positions. Tyrosine, methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan can react with the harmful peroxynitrite or OH and NO radicals and glycine, serine, alanine, valine, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, glutamine and asparagine can react with hypochlorous acid HOCl. These theoretical results may help to explain the loss of function of proteins subjected to these three types of reactive stresses. We hope that this work can help to assess the potential damage that reactive species can cause to free amino acids or the corresponding residues when they are part of peptides and proteins.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232214049