Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2020-09, Vol.12 (10), p.2983
Main Authors: Castro-Barquero, Sara, Ruiz-León, Ana María, Sierra-Pérez, Maria, Estruch, Ramon, Casas, Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Caloric Restriction - methods
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Chronic illnesses
Cultural heritage
DASH diet
Diabetes
Diet
Diet, Healthy - methods
Diet, Mediterranean
Diet, Vegetarian - methods
Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension - methods
dietary pattern
Disease prevention
Dyslipidemia
Exercise
Fatty acids
Food quality
Fruits
Health care
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Hypertension
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Lipids
Low fat diet
low-carbohydrate diet
Medical personnel
Mediterranean diet
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy
Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control
Mortality
Nutrient deficiency
Obesity
Overweight
Physical activity
plant-based diet
Polyphenols
Review
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Vegetables
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Summary:Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome, but the most effective dietary pattern for its management has not been established. Specific dietary modifications, such as improving the quality of the foods or changing macronutrient distribution, showed beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome conditions and individual parameters. On comparing low-fat and restricted diets, the scientific evidence supports the use of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention as the new paradigm for metabolic syndrome prevention and treatment. The nutritional distribution and quality of these healthy diets allows health professionals to provide easy-to-follow dietary advice without the need for restricted diets. Nonetheless, energy-restricted dietary patterns and improvements in physical activity are crucial to improve the metabolic disturbances observed in metabolic syndrome patients.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu12102983