Pathobiochemistry of Aging and Neurodegeneration: Deregulation of NAD+ Metabolism in Brain Cells

NAD+ plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism and adaptation to external stimuli and stressful conditions. A significant reduction in intracellular NAD+ levels is associated with aging and contributes to the development of chronic cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. It is of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-12, Vol.14 (12), p.1556
Main Authors: Kolotyeva, Nataliya A, Groshkov, Alexander A, Rozanova, Nataliya A, Berdnikov, Arseniy K, Novikova, Svetlana V, Komleva, Yulia K, Salmina, Alla B, Illarioshkin, Sergey N, Piradov, Mikhail A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Aging
Aging - metabolism
Animals
Biosynthesis
Brain
Brain - metabolism
Brain research
Cell cycle
Cell death
Circadian rhythm
Developmental plasticity
Energy
Energy Metabolism
Enzymes
External stimuli
Humans
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Metabolites
NAD
NAD - metabolism
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neuroplasticity
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Signal transduction
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Summary:NAD+ plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism and adaptation to external stimuli and stressful conditions. A significant reduction in intracellular NAD+ levels is associated with aging and contributes to the development of chronic cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. It is of particular importance to maintain optimal levels of NAD+ in cells with high energy consumption, particularly in the brain. Maintaining the tissue level of NAD+ with pharmacological tools has the potential to slow down the aging process, to prevent the development of age-related diseases. This review covers key aspects of NAD+ metabolism in terms of brain metabolic plasticity, including NAD+ biosynthesis and degradation in different types of brain cells, as well as its contribution to the development of neurodegeneration and aging, and highlights up-to-date approaches to modulate NAD+ levels in brain cells.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom14121556