Injection Drug Use Endocarditis: An Inner-City Hospital Experience

• Published in: CJC open (Online) 2021-07, Vol.3 (7), p.896-903
• Main Authors: Syed, Ishba M., Yanagawa, Bobby, Jeyaganth, Suganthiny, Verma, Subodh, Cheema, Asim N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Original
• ISSN: 2589-790X; 2589-790X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.02.015

There has been a rise in the incidence of injection drug use and associated infective endocarditis. The clinical outcomes of 39 patients admitted with injection drug use–associated infective endocarditis were collected with a mean follow-up of 14 months. The outcomes were compared for patients treated medically with those undergoing surgical intervention. Results: The mean age was 39 ± 11 years; 54% were female. Thirty-two patients (82%) had native and 7 (18%) prosthetic infective endocarditis. The tricuspid valve was affected in 17 patients (43%), the mitral in 10 (26%), the aortic in 4 (10%), and multiple valves in 8 (20%). Sixteen (41%) patients underwent surgery, and 23 (59%) were treated with medical therapy. The indications for surgery included heart failure, systemic emboli, recurrent infection, and vegetation size ≥10 mm. Patients undergoing surgery had a higher rate of paravalvular abscess (25% vs 0%, P = 0.02), valve perforation (37% vs 11%, P = 0.04), and mitral valve involvement (44% vs 13%, P = 0.06), whereas medically treated patients had higher tricuspid valve involvement (61% vs 19%, P = 0.02). During follow-up, 26% of medical and 31% of surgical cohort patients died (P = 0.7). Mortality was highest (54%) among those who continued medical management despite an indication for surgery. Univariate predictors of mortality were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.17; P = 0.02), heart failure (OR 6.9; 95% CI: 1.24-37.49; P = 0.02), septicemia (OR 4.40; 95% CI:0.99-19.54; P = 0.05), and shock (OR 10.8; 95% CI: 1.68-69.92; P = 0.01). Despite contemporary therapy, patients with injection drug use–associated infective endocarditis remain at high risk of complications and poor clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the need for developing new care pathways and a team approach for effective management. Il y a eu une augmentation de l’incidence de l’endocardite infectieuse associée à l’usage de drogues par injection. Nous avons recueilli au cours d’un suivi moyen de 14 mois les résultats cliniques de 39 patients admis en raison d’une endocardite infectieuse associée à l’usage de drogues par injection. Les résultats ont été comparés pour les patients traités médicalement avec ceux subissant une intervention chirurgicale. L’âge moyen était de 39 ± 11 ans; 54 % étaient des femmes. Trente-deux patients (82 %) avaient une endocardite infectieuse sur valve native et 7 (18 %), une endocardite infectieuse sur prothèse valvulaire