Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2020-10, Vol.21 (20), p.7584
• Main Authors: Peñaranda, David Sánchez, Bäuerl, Christine, Tomás-Vidal, Ana, Jover-Cerdá, Miguel, Estruch, Guillem, Pérez Martínez, Gaspar, Martínez Llorens, Silvia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Cyclooxygenase 2 - genetics; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cytokines; Diet; ex vivo; Fish meal; Fish Proteins - genetics; Fish Proteins - metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene expression; gilthead seabream; Homeostasis; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 6; Interleukin-1beta - genetics; Interleukin-1beta - metabolism; Interleukin-6 - genetics; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa - immunology; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology; Intestine; intestine explants culture; Microbiota; Mucosal immunity; Pathogens; Photobacterium - pathogenicity; plant protein; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Proteins; RT-qPCR; Sea Bream - immunology; Sea Bream - microbiology; Sea Bream - physiology; Tissue Culture Techniques - methods; Variance analysis; Vibrio alginolyticus - pathogenicity
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207584

The interaction between diet and intestinal health has been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported limitations. The intestine explant culture system developed provides an advantage since it reduces the number of experimental fish and increases the time of incubation compared to similar methods, becoming a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria, rearing conditions, or dietary components and fish gut immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the total substitution of fish meal by plants on the immune intestinal status of seabream using an ex vivo bacterial challenge. For this aim, two growth stages of fish were assayed (12 g): phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250 g. Additionally, in phase II, the effects of long term and short term exposure (15 days) to a plant protein (PP) diet were determined. PP diet altered the mucosal immune homeostasis, the younger fish being more sensitive, and the intestine from fish fed short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than with long-term feeding. ( ) triggered the highest immune and inflammatory response, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by subsp. ( ), showing a positive high correlation between the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukin 1 ( ), interleukin 6 ( ) and cyclooxygenase 2( ).