Loading…

Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether

Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reactions (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.3 (4), p.602-614
Main Authors: Samruddhi, Mane, Bhatkar, Akash, Prabu, Marimuthu, Mekala, Siva Prasad, Gogoi, Pranjal, Mohapatra, Gourab, Thirumalaiswamy, Raja
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-30f2e5855ec4f1a65b7e3047b294c1524ee8a86f0701edeb34d1cc0e00e2da33
container_end_page 614
container_issue 4
container_start_page 602
container_title Reactions (Basel, Switzerland)
container_volume 3
creator Samruddhi, Mane
Bhatkar, Akash
Prabu, Marimuthu
Mekala, Siva Prasad
Gogoi, Pranjal
Mohapatra, Gourab
Thirumalaiswamy, Raja
description Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/reactions3040040
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bb2e1a07704a4b39a57bcd55ff40c0e1</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_bb2e1a07704a4b39a57bcd55ff40c0e1</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2756776339</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-30f2e5855ec4f1a65b7e3047b294c1524ee8a86f0701edeb34d1cc0e00e2da33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkM1LAzEQxYMoWLR3jwueVydfm92j1KqFQgUreAvZ7KTdum1qshX635taEREGZhje_ObxCLmicMN5BbcBje1bv4kcBKQ6IQNWMJGrkr6d_pnPyTDGFQAwVQmpqgGRL9hhuv3EbJab7n3fmQMo8y57XuLGd9lrbDeL7L5dY7_cd9m4X2K4JGfOdBGHP_2CzB_G89FTPp09TkZ309xyzvqcg2MoSynRCkdNIWuFyaGqWSUslUwglqYsHCig2GDNRUOtBQRA1hjOL8jkiG28WeltaNcm7LU3rf5e-LDQJvSt7VDXNUNqQCkQRtS8MlLVtpHSOQGJSBPr-sjaBv-xw9jrld-FTXKvmZKFUkVKMqngqLLBxxjQ_X6loA9R6_9R8y93jnKY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2756776339</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><creator>Samruddhi, Mane ; Bhatkar, Akash ; Prabu, Marimuthu ; Mekala, Siva Prasad ; Gogoi, Pranjal ; Mohapatra, Gourab ; Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</creator><creatorcontrib>Samruddhi, Mane ; Bhatkar, Akash ; Prabu, Marimuthu ; Mekala, Siva Prasad ; Gogoi, Pranjal ; Mohapatra, Gourab ; Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</creatorcontrib><description>Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2624-781X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2624-781X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040040</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acids ; Alkylation ; Aluminum oxide ; Anisole ; Aromatic compounds ; Chemicals ; Continuously stirred tank reactors ; Conversion ; Dimethyl ether ; Fuel additives ; heterogeneous catalyst ; Hydrocarbons ; Metal oxides ; O-alkylation ; Perfumes ; phenol ; Phenols ; Reagents ; Recyclability ; Selectivity ; Sodium ; Synthesis ; Thermodynamic equilibrium ; Transitional aluminas ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Reactions (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.3 (4), p.602-614</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-30f2e5855ec4f1a65b7e3047b294c1524ee8a86f0701edeb34d1cc0e00e2da33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2487-7363</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756776339/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756776339?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Samruddhi, Mane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhatkar, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prabu, Marimuthu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekala, Siva Prasad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gogoi, Pranjal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohapatra, Gourab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</creatorcontrib><title>Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether</title><title>Reactions (Basel, Switzerland)</title><description>Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Alkylation</subject><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Anisole</subject><subject>Aromatic compounds</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Continuously stirred tank reactors</subject><subject>Conversion</subject><subject>Dimethyl ether</subject><subject>Fuel additives</subject><subject>heterogeneous catalyst</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Metal oxides</subject><subject>O-alkylation</subject><subject>Perfumes</subject><subject>phenol</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Recyclability</subject><subject>Selectivity</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Thermodynamic equilibrium</subject><subject>Transitional aluminas</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>2624-781X</issn><issn>2624-781X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkM1LAzEQxYMoWLR3jwueVydfm92j1KqFQgUreAvZ7KTdum1qshX635taEREGZhje_ObxCLmicMN5BbcBje1bv4kcBKQ6IQNWMJGrkr6d_pnPyTDGFQAwVQmpqgGRL9hhuv3EbJab7n3fmQMo8y57XuLGd9lrbDeL7L5dY7_cd9m4X2K4JGfOdBGHP_2CzB_G89FTPp09TkZ309xyzvqcg2MoSynRCkdNIWuFyaGqWSUslUwglqYsHCig2GDNRUOtBQRA1hjOL8jkiG28WeltaNcm7LU3rf5e-LDQJvSt7VDXNUNqQCkQRtS8MlLVtpHSOQGJSBPr-sjaBv-xw9jrld-FTXKvmZKFUkVKMqngqLLBxxjQ_X6loA9R6_9R8y93jnKY</recordid><startdate>20221201</startdate><enddate>20221201</enddate><creator>Samruddhi, Mane</creator><creator>Bhatkar, Akash</creator><creator>Prabu, Marimuthu</creator><creator>Mekala, Siva Prasad</creator><creator>Gogoi, Pranjal</creator><creator>Mohapatra, Gourab</creator><creator>Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-7363</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221201</creationdate><title>Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether</title><author>Samruddhi, Mane ; Bhatkar, Akash ; Prabu, Marimuthu ; Mekala, Siva Prasad ; Gogoi, Pranjal ; Mohapatra, Gourab ; Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-30f2e5855ec4f1a65b7e3047b294c1524ee8a86f0701edeb34d1cc0e00e2da33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Alkylation</topic><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Anisole</topic><topic>Aromatic compounds</topic><topic>Chemicals</topic><topic>Continuously stirred tank reactors</topic><topic>Conversion</topic><topic>Dimethyl ether</topic><topic>Fuel additives</topic><topic>heterogeneous catalyst</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Metal oxides</topic><topic>O-alkylation</topic><topic>Perfumes</topic><topic>phenol</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Recyclability</topic><topic>Selectivity</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Thermodynamic equilibrium</topic><topic>Transitional aluminas</topic><topic>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Samruddhi, Mane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhatkar, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prabu, Marimuthu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mekala, Siva Prasad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gogoi, Pranjal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohapatra, Gourab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Reactions (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Samruddhi, Mane</au><au>Bhatkar, Akash</au><au>Prabu, Marimuthu</au><au>Mekala, Siva Prasad</au><au>Gogoi, Pranjal</au><au>Mohapatra, Gourab</au><au>Thirumalaiswamy, Raja</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether</atitle><jtitle>Reactions (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><date>2022-12-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>602</spage><epage>614</epage><pages>602-614</pages><issn>2624-781X</issn><eissn>2624-781X</eissn><abstract>Anisole is a straw-colored aromatic compound mainly used in making solvents, flavoring agents, perfumes, fuel additives, and in the synthesis industries. Anisole, also known as methoxybenzene, is synthesized from sodium phenoxide or phenol using various methylating agents. The use of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alkylating agent is seldom reported in the literature. Herein, we have synthesized anisole through the O-alkylation process of phenol and DME to obtain zero discharge from this process. The thermodynamic equilibrium for the reaction of phenol and DME is simulated by using Aspen HYSYS (Hyprotech and Systems). The O-alkylation of phenol has been investigated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) over γ-Al2O3 with appropriate acidity. Active metal loadings of various percentages were studied and the conversion was optimized at 46.57% with a selectivity of 88.22% at a temperature of 280 °C. The liquid products from the continuously stirred reactor were analyzed with liquid G.C. and the conversion and selectivity were calculated. A comparison of the O-alkylation and C-alkylation of phenol at different temperatures, reactant ratios, residence times, and recyclability was explored, as well as the impact of these factors on the yield of the desired anisole. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping, XPS, and DRIFT studies.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/reactions3040040</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-7363</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2624-781X
ispartof Reactions (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.3 (4), p.602-614
issn 2624-781X
2624-781X
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bb2e1a07704a4b39a57bcd55ff40c0e1
source Publicly Available Content Database
subjects Acids
Alkylation
Aluminum oxide
Anisole
Aromatic compounds
Chemicals
Continuously stirred tank reactors
Conversion
Dimethyl ether
Fuel additives
heterogeneous catalyst
Hydrocarbons
Metal oxides
O-alkylation
Perfumes
phenol
Phenols
Reagents
Recyclability
Selectivity
Sodium
Synthesis
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Transitional aluminas
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
title Selective O-alkylation of Phenol Using Dimethyl Ether
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T13%3A17%3A03IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Selective%20O-alkylation%20of%20Phenol%20Using%20Dimethyl%20Ether&rft.jtitle=Reactions%20(Basel,%20Switzerland)&rft.au=Samruddhi,%20Mane&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=602&rft.epage=614&rft.pages=602-614&rft.issn=2624-781X&rft.eissn=2624-781X&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/reactions3040040&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_doaj_%3E2756776339%3C/proquest_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-30f2e5855ec4f1a65b7e3047b294c1524ee8a86f0701edeb34d1cc0e00e2da33%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2756776339&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true