A new goniopholidid crocodyliform, Hulkepholis rori sp. nov. from the Camarillas Formation (early Barremian) in Galve, Spain

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2019-10, Vol.7, p.e7911-e7911, Article e7911
• Main Authors: Arribas, Ignacio, Buscalioni, Angela D, Royo Torres, Rafael, Espílez, Eduardo, Mampel, Luis, Alcalá, Luis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Cretaceous; Cretaceous period; Crocodyliform; Evolution; Evolutionary Studies; Fossils; Goniopholididae; New species; Organizations; Palatogenesis; Paleontology; Pharynx; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Physical characteristics; Postrostral module; Preservation; Skull; Systematics; Thalattosuchia; TNT (Trinitrotoluene); Trees
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7911

The neosuchian crocodyliform genus constitutes the longirostral lineage of the European Goniopholididae. It comprises two species ranging from the Valanginian of southern England to the lower Albian of the northern Teruel (Spain). A new species of is described based on a partially complete skull from the lower Barremian Camarillas Formation. We investigate its phylogenetic position and the palatal patterns among members of Goniopholididae and the closely related Thalattosuchia and Tethysuchia. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated with two matrices using a previously published dataset as the basis: the first differed only by the addition of the new species, the second had newly discovered states for 11 characters, the new species plus several additional specimens of and . Both matrices were processed using TNT v. 1.1, in a heuristic analysis of maximum parsimony, with tree bisection and reconnection 1,000 random addition replicates and saving the 10 most parsimonious trees per replicate, and up to 10 suboptimal trees to calculate Bremer supports. The skull geometry of nine species from Thalattosuchia, Tethysuchia and Goniopholididae was explored to test shape variation between the rostral and postrostral modules, and to visualize the differences on the secondary palate. A set of 18 landmarks was used to delimit significant anatomical features, and the skulls were isotropically scaled using Adobe Illustrator, with the longest skull ( ) as the baseline for comparison. The European lineages of goniopholidids are two clades ( + ) plus ( + ). The new species, sp. nov, shares with the latter clade the following apormorphies: a long anterolateral postorbital process, postorbital process almost reaching the anterior jugal ramus, and basioccipital tubera with lateral edges turned posteriorly. was found to be monophyletic, and paraphyletic due to the poor preservation of . is distinguished by having vascular fossae and a mid-protuberance on the ventral surface of the basioccipital, and wide internal fossae in the quadrate. Among Goniopholididae differences on the secondary palate are the presence of a palatal cleft, the narrowness of the secondary choana, and a wide foramen of the median pharyngeal tube. The new species is the earliest from the Iberian Peninsula. New characters have been recognized in the organization of the palate and in the occipital region raising unexpected questions on the evolution of Goniopholididae. The set of palatal characters is di