IoT Sensor Challenges for Geothermal Energy Installations Monitoring: A Survey

Geothermal energy installations are becoming increasingly common in new city developments and renovations. With a broad range of technological applications and improvements in this field, the demand for suitable monitoring technologies and control processes for geothermal energy installations is als...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-06, Vol.23 (12), p.5577
Main Authors: Prauzek, Michal, Kucova, Tereza, Konecny, Jaromir, Adamikova, Monika, Gaiova, Karolina, Mikus, Miroslav, Pospisil, Pavel, Andriukaitis, Darius, Zilys, Mindaugas, Martinkauppi, Birgitta, Koziorek, Jiri
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cloud computing
Control systems
Data transmission
edge computing
Electric power production
Electricity distribution
Energy
Energy harvesting
Fault lines
Geology
Geothermal energy
Geothermal power
geothermal sensors
Heat exchangers
Installation
Internet of Things
IoT
Mechanical properties
Monitoring
Renovation
Review
Sensors
Supply and demand
Technology
Temperature
Thermometers
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Summary:Geothermal energy installations are becoming increasingly common in new city developments and renovations. With a broad range of technological applications and improvements in this field, the demand for suitable monitoring technologies and control processes for geothermal energy installations is also growing. This article identifies opportunities for the future development and deployment of IoT sensors applied to geothermal energy installations. The first part of the survey describes the technologies and applications of various sensor types. Sensors that monitor temperature, flow rate and other mechanical parameters are presented with a technological background and their potential applications. The second part of the article surveys Internet-of-Things (IoT), communication technology and cloud solutions applicable to geothermal energy monitoring, with a focus on IoT node designs, data transmission technologies and cloud services. Energy harvesting technologies and edge computing methods are also reviewed. The survey concludes with a discussion of research challenges and an outline of new areas of application for monitoring geothermal installations and innovating technologies to produce IoT sensor solutions.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s23125577