Investigation of the Upper Respiratory Tract of a Male Smoker with Laryngeal Cancer by Inhaling Air Associated with Various Physical Activity Levels

• Published in: Atmosphere 2022-05, Vol.13 (5), p.717
• Main Authors: Mortazavy Beni, Hamidreza, Mortazavi, Hamed, Tashvighi, Ebrahim, Islam, Mohammad S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air quality; Cancer; CFD; Cigarette smoke; Computational fluid dynamics; Computed tomography; Computer applications; Epiglottis; Finite element analysis; Finite volume method; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Geometry; Head & neck cancer; Hydrodynamics; inhaled air quality; Investigations; Laryngeal cancer; Larynx; Management planning; Mathematical models; Modelling; Numerical analysis; Physical activity; physical activity level; Respiratory system; Respiratory tract; Shear stress; Simulation; Smoking; Software; Throat; tumor; Tumors; Turbulence; Turbulence intensity; Turbulence models; Velocity; Wall shear stresses
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050717

Smokers are at a higher risk of laryngeal cancer, which is a type of head and neck cancer in which cancer cells proliferate and can metastasize to other tissues after a tumor has formed. Cigarette smoke greatly reduces the inhaled air quality and can also lead to laryngeal cancer. In this study, the upper airway of a 70-year-old smoker with laryngeal cancer was reconstructed by taking a CT scan using Mimics software. To solve the governing equations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a pressure base approach was used with the help of Ansys 2021 R1 software. As a result, the maximum turbulence intensity occurred in the larynx. At 13 L/min, 55 L/min, and 100 L/min, the maximum turbulence intensity was 1.1, 3.5, and 6.1, respectively. The turbulence intensity in the respiratory system is crucial because it demonstrates the ability to transfer energy. The maximum wall shear stress (WSS) also occurred in the larynx. At 13 L/min, 55 L/min, and 100 L/min, the maximum WSS was 0.62 Pa, 5.4 Pa, and 12.4 Pa, respectively. The WSS index cannot be calculated in vivo and should be calculated in vitro. Excessive WSS in the epiglottis is inappropriate and can lead to an airway obstruction. Furthermore, real mathematical modeling outcomes provide an approach for future prevention, treatment, and management planning by forecasting the zones prone to an acceleration of disease progression. In this regard, accurate computational modeling leads to pre-visualization in surgical planning to define the best reformative techniques to determine the most probable patient condition consequences.