The association between ambient air pollution and scarlet fever in Qingdao, China, 2014–2018: a quantitative analysis

We conducted a distributed lag non-linear time series analysis to quantify the association between air pollution and scarlet fever in Qingdao city during 2014-2018. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was applied to quantify the distribut...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC infectious diseases 2021-09, Vol.21 (1), p.1-987, Article 987
Main Authors: Jiang, Fachun, Wei, Tao, Hu, Xiaowen, Han, Yalin, Jia, Jing, Pan, Bei, Ni, Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Air pollution effects
Confidence intervals
Dependent variables
Distributed lag non-linear model
Environmental aspects
Fever
Health aspects
Independent variables
Infectious diseases
Morbidity
Nitrogen dioxide
Outdoor air quality
Pollutants
Population
Precipitation
Quantitative analysis
Relative risk
Risk factors
Scarlet fever
Statistics
Time series
Trends
Vaccines
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Summary:We conducted a distributed lag non-linear time series analysis to quantify the association between air pollution and scarlet fever in Qingdao city during 2014-2018. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was applied to quantify the distributed lag effects of air pollutions on scarlet fever, with daily incidence of scarlet fever as the dependent variable and air pollutions as the independent variable adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 6316 cases of scarlet fever were notified, and there were 376 days occurring air pollution during the study period. Scarlet fever was significantly associated with air pollutions at a lag of 7 days with different relative risk (RR) of air pollution degrees [1.172, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.038-1.323 in mild air pollution; 1.374, 95% CI 1.078-1.749 in moderate air pollution; 1.610, 95% CI 1.163-2.314 in severe air pollution; 1.887, 95% CI 1.163-3.061 in most severe air pollution]. Our findings show that air pollution is positively associated with scarlet fever in Qingdao, and the risk of scarlet fever could be increased along with the degrees of air pollution. It contributes to developing strategies to prevent and reduce health impact from scarlet fever and other non-vaccine-preventable respiratory infectious diseases in air polluted areas.
ISSN:1471-2334
1471-2334
DOI:10.1186/s12879-021-06674-8