Impact of Autophagy of Innate Immune Cells on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Published in: Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2018-12, Vol.8 (1), p.7
• Main Authors: Iida, Tomoya, Yokoyama, Yoshihiro, Wagatsuma, Kohei, Hirayama, Daisuke, Nakase, Hiroshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Autophagy; Autophagy - genetics; Autophagy - immunology; Autophagy-Related Proteins - genetics; Autophagy-Related Proteins - immunology; Bacterial infections; Crohn Disease - genetics; Crohn Disease - immunology; Crohn's disease; Cytokines; Cytokines - immunology; Decomposition; Disease Models, Animal; Etiology; Genes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomes; GTP-Binding Proteins - genetics; GTP-Binding Proteins - immunology; Homeostasis; Humans; immune cell; Immune response; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Infections; inflammasome; Inflammasomes - immunology; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Innate immunity; Intestine; Kinases; Macrophages; Mice; Mitochondria; NOD2 protein; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - genetics; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - immunology; Paneth cell; Paneth cells; Paneth Cells - cytology; Paneth Cells - pathology; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Phagocytosis; Polymorphism; Proteins; Review; Viral infections
• ISSN: 2073-4409; 2073-4409
• DOI: 10.3390/cells8010007

Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, has many immunological functions and is a constitutive process necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and organ structure. One of the functions of autophagy is to control the innate immune response. Many studies conducted in recent years have revealed the contribution of autophagy to the innate immune response, and relationships between this process and various diseases have been reported. Inflammatory bowel disease is an intractable disorder with unknown etiology; however, immunological abnormalities in the intestines are known to be involved in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease, as is dysfunction of autophagy. In Crohn's disease, many associations with autophagy-related genes, such as , , , and others, have been reported. Abnormalities in the gene, in particular, have been reported to cause autophagic dysfunction, resulting in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages as well as abnormal function of Paneth cells, which are important in intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the autophagy mechanism in innate immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease.