Deletion of Macrophage Vitamin D Receptor Promotes Insulin Resistance and Monocyte Cholesterol Transport to Accelerate Atherosclerosis in Mice

• Published in: Cell reports (Cambridge) 2015-03, Vol.10 (11), p.1872-1886
• Main Authors: Oh, Jisu, Riek, Amy E., Darwech, Isra, Funai, Katsuhiko, Shao, JianSu, Chin, Kathleen, Sierra, Oscar L., Carmeliet, Geert, Ostlund, Richard E., Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Atherosclerosis - metabolism; Atherosclerosis - therapy; Biological Transport; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 - metabolism; Cholesterol - metabolism; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Foam Cells - metabolism; Gene Deletion; Insulin Resistance; Liver - metabolism; Macrophages - metabolism; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 - metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocytes - metabolism; PPAR gamma - metabolism; Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics; Receptors, Calcitriol - metabolism; Receptors, Scavenger - metabolism; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases - metabolism
• ISSN: 2211-1247; 2211-1247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.043

Intense effort has been devoted to understanding predisposition to chronic systemic inflammation because it contributes to cardiometabolic disease. We demonstrate that deletion of the macrophage vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mice (KODMAC) is sufficient to induce insulin resistance by promoting M2 macrophage accumulation in the liver as well as increasing cytokine secretion and hepatic glucose production. Moreover, VDR deletion increases atherosclerosis by enabling lipid-laden M2 monocytes to adhere, migrate, and carry cholesterol into the atherosclerotic plaque and by increasing macrophage cholesterol uptake and esterification. Increased foam cell formation results from lack of VDR-SERCA2b interaction, causing SERCA dysfunction, activation of ER stress-CaMKII-JNKp-PPARγ signaling, and induction of the scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A1. Bone marrow transplant of VDR-expressing cells into KODMAC mice improved insulin sensitivity, suppressed atherosclerosis, and decreased foam cell formation. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in macrophages are thus critical in diet-induced insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in mice. [Display omitted] •Myeloid VDR deletion induces hepatic macrophage deposition and gluconeogenesis•Myeloid VDR deletion enables M2 monocytes to transport cholesterol into plaques•Impaired VDR-SERCA2b interaction results in macrophage ER stress and foam cells•Bone marrow transplant of VDR into KODMAC mice rescues the metabolic phenotype Identifying environmental conditions affecting chronic inflammation is essential to preventing cardiometabolic disorders. Oh et al. demonstrate that myeloid-specific Vdr deletion is sufficient to induce insulin resistance and accelerate atherosclerosis in mice. Furthermore, M2 monocyte transport of cholesterol into the vessel wall is described as a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-independent pathway for atherosclerosis.