Immune-related adverse events of biological immunotherapies used in COVID-19

The use of biological immunotherapeutic drugs is one of the options currently being evaluated and employed to manage COVID-19, specifically monoclonal antibodies, which have shown benefit by regulating the excessive immune response seen in patients with severe infection, known as a cytokine storm. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in pharmacology 2022-08, Vol.13, p.973246-973246
Main Authors: Baracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela, Barros-Arias, Giovanna María, Hernández-Guerrero, Felipe, De-La-Torre, Alejandra, Calderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19
monoclonal abs
Pharmacology
sarilumab
siltuximab
sotrovimab
tocilizumab
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Summary:The use of biological immunotherapeutic drugs is one of the options currently being evaluated and employed to manage COVID-19, specifically monoclonal antibodies, which have shown benefit by regulating the excessive immune response seen in patients with severe infection, known as a cytokine storm. Tocilizumab has received particular importance for this clinical application, as has sarilumab. Both drugs share a substantial similarity in terms of pharmacodynamics, being inhibitors of the interleukin six receptor (IL-6Rα). Furthermore, sotrovimab, a neutralizing anti-SARS CoV-2 antibody, has gained the attention of the scientific community since it has recently been authorized under certain circumstances, positioning itself as a new therapeutic alternative in development. However, despite their clinical benefit, biological immunotherapies have the potential to generate life-threatening immune-related adverse events. Therefore it is essential to review their incidence, mechanism, and risk factors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the safety of the biological immunotherapeutic drugs currently recommended for the treatment of COVID-19, provide a review of the known immune-mediated adverse events and explore the potential immune-related mechanisms of other adverse reactions.
ISSN:1663-9812
1663-9812
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.973246