The Dark Side: Photosensitizer Prodrugs

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis (PD) are essential approaches in the field of biophotonics. Ideally, both modalities require the selective sensitization of the targeted disease in order to avoid undesired phenomena such as the destruction of healthy tissue, skin photosensitization, or...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-10, Vol.12 (4), p.148
Main Authors: Sansaloni-Pastor, Sara, Bouilloux, Jordan, Lange, Norbert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5-aminolevulinic acid
Binding sites
Cytotoxicity
Design
Medical research
Peptides
photodynamic therapy
Physiology
prodrugs
Prostate
quenching
Review
Tumors
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Summary:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis (PD) are essential approaches in the field of biophotonics. Ideally, both modalities require the selective sensitization of the targeted disease in order to avoid undesired phenomena such as the destruction of healthy tissue, skin photosensitization, or mistaken diagnosis. To a large extent, the occurrence of these incidents can be attributed to "background" accumulation in non-target tissue. Therefore, an ideal photoactive compound should be optically silent in the absence of disease, but bright in its presence. Such requirements can be fulfilled using innovative prodrug strategies targeting disease-associated alterations. Here we will summarize the elaboration, characterization, and evaluation of approaches using polymeric photosensitizer prodrugs, nanoparticles, micelles, and porphysomes. Finally, we will discuss the use of 5-aminolevulinc acid and its derivatives that are selectively transformed in neoplastic cells into photoactive protoporphyrin IX.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph12040148