Impact of Obesity-Induced Inflammation on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (9), p.4798
• Main Authors: Battineni, Gopi, Sagaro, Getu Gamo, Chintalapudi, Nalini, Amenta, Francesco, Tomassoni, Daniele, Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Alzheimer's disease; Blood pressure; Body weight; Brain research; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cognitive ability; Cytokines; Dementia; Diabetes; Emission analysis; Gene expression; Hypothalamus; Inflammation; inflammatory cytokines; Insulin resistance; Interleukin 6; Leptin; Markers; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Quality assessment; Quality control; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Signs and symptoms; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094798

Overweight and obesity are key risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is currently presented as a pro-inflammatory state with an expansion in the outflow of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alongside the expanded emission of leptin. The present review aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and inflammation and their impacts on the development of cardiovascular disease. A literature search was conducted by employing three academic databases, namely PubMed (Medline), Scopus (EMBASE), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The search presented 786 items, and by inclusion and exclusion filterers, 59 works were considered for final review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) method was adopted to conduct quality assessment; 19 papers were further selected based on the quality score. Obesity-related inflammation leads to a low-grade inflammatory state in organisms by upregulating pro-inflammatory markers and downregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Because of inflammatory and infectious symptoms, adipocytes appear to instigate articulation and discharge a few intense stage reactants and carriers of inflammation. Obesity and inflammatory markers are strongly associated, and are important factors in the development of CVD. Hence, weight management can help prevent cardiovascular risks and poor outcomes by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.