Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The increased prevalence rate and mortality due to CVDs, despite the development of several approaches for prevention and treatment, are alarming trends in global health....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-01, Vol.16 (2), p.141
Main Authors: Komal, Sumra, Han, Sheng-Na, Cui, Liu-Gen, Zhai, Miao-Miao, Zhou, Yue-Jiao, Wang, Pei, Shakeel, Muhammad, Zhang, Li-Rong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Antigens
Atherosclerosis
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiomyocytes
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular research
Cellular signal transduction
Chemokines
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Development and progression
DNA methylation
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Heart failure
Homeostasis
Inflammation
macrophage polarization
Macrophages
MicroRNAs
N6-methyladenosine
non-coding RNAs
Pathophysiology
Review
Risk factors
Roles
Transcription factors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Wound healing
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Summary:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The increased prevalence rate and mortality due to CVDs, despite the development of several approaches for prevention and treatment, are alarming trends in global health. Chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration are key regulators of the initiation and progression of CVDs. Recent data suggest that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and RNA modifications, regulate cell development, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, immunity, calcium signaling, and aging in cardiomyocytes; and are involved in macrophage polarization and contribute significantly to cardiac disease development. Cardiac macrophages not only trigger damaging inflammatory responses during atherosclerotic plaque formation, myocardial injury, and heart failure but are also involved in tissue repair, remodeling, and regeneration. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic modifications that influence macrophage polarization and contribute to the pathophysiology of CVDs, and highlight their potential for the development of advanced epigenetic therapies.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph16020141