Thoracic Empyema Secondary to Congenital Chylothorax in a 14-Month-Old Boy with Noonan Syndrome

Thoracic empyema usually occurs as a complication of bacterial pneumonia, but in rare cases, it is caused by hematogenous dissemination secondary to nonpulmonary diseases. Congenital chylothorax or chylothorax in children is associated with maldevelopment of the lymphatic system, nonimmune hydrops f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Case reports in pediatrics 2021-04, Vol.2021, p.6620353-5
Main Authors: Oikawa, Takeru, Ota, Chiharu, Iwasawa, Shinya, Onoki, Takehiko, Ikeda, Hideyuki, Hanita, Takushi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abscesses
B cells
Bacterial pneumonia
Blood
Cardiomyopathy
Case Report
Case reports
Congenital diseases
Cryptorchidism
Development and progression
Down syndrome
E coli
Empyema
Fever
Genetic disorders
Heart
Hydrops fetalis
Immunoglobulins
Intellectual disabilities
Noonan syndrome
Pediatrics
Pneumonia
Pulmonary arteries
Standard deviation
Streptococcus infections
Thoracic surgery
Urogenital system
Venous pressure
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Summary:Thoracic empyema usually occurs as a complication of bacterial pneumonia, but in rare cases, it is caused by hematogenous dissemination secondary to nonpulmonary diseases. Congenital chylothorax or chylothorax in children is associated with maldevelopment of the lymphatic system, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, several syndromes including Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, or Turner syndrome, a complication of thoracic surgery, right heart failure with high central venous pressure, or tumors. There are very few reports of empyema associated with preexisting chylothorax. In the present study, we describe a rare case of thoracic empyema associated with congenital chylothorax and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis associated with clinically diagnosed Noonan syndrome. It is necessary to closely monitor patients with chylothorax because they are at risk of developing severe lung infections, such as pleural empyema or lung abscesses.
ISSN:2090-6803
2090-6811
DOI:10.1155/2021/6620353