Axonal mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells

Neurons, exhibiting unique polarized structures, rely primarily on the mitochondrial production of ATP to maintain their hypermetabolic energy requirements. To maintain a normal energy supply, mitochondria are transported to the distal end of the axon. When mitochondria within the axon are criticall...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell communication and signaling 2024-07, Vol.22 (1), p.382-12, Article 382
Main Authors: Liang, Yang, Li, Yulin, Jiao, Qing, Wei, Muyang, Wang, Yan, Cui, Aoteng, Li, Zhihui, Li, Guangyu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Autophagy
Autophagy (Cytology)
Axon
Axonal transport
Axonogenesis
Axons - metabolism
Axons - pathology
Biosynthesis
Care and treatment
Degradation products
Diagnosis
Disease
Disease susceptibility
Energy
Energy requirements
Ganglion
Glaucoma
Health aspects
Humans
Kinases
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondria - pathology
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitophagy
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Optic nerve
Oxidative phosphorylation
Parkinson's disease
Phagocytosis
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Proteins
Quality control
Regeneration
Retinal ganglion cells
Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism
Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology
Review
RNA polymerase
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Description
Summary:Neurons, exhibiting unique polarized structures, rely primarily on the mitochondrial production of ATP to maintain their hypermetabolic energy requirements. To maintain a normal energy supply, mitochondria are transported to the distal end of the axon. When mitochondria within the axon are critically damaged beyond their compensatory capacity, they are cleared via autophagosomal phagocytosis, and the degradation products are recycled to replenish energy. When the mitochondria are dysfunctional or their transport processes are blocked, axons become susceptible to degeneration triggered by energy depletion, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. As the final checkpoint for mitochondrial quality control, axonal mitophagy is vital for neuronal growth, development, injury, and regeneration. Furthermore, abnormal axonal mitophagy is crucial in the pathogenesis of optic nerve-related diseases such as glaucoma. We review recent studies on axonal mitophagy and summarize the progress of research on axonal mitophagy in optic nerve-related diseases to provide insights into diseases associated with axonal damage in optic ganglion cells.
ISSN:1478-811X
1478-811X
DOI:10.1186/s12964-024-01761-0