Serological Screening and Risk Factors Associated with Leishmania infantum Positivity in Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients in Greece

A serological screening was conducted to detect IgG antibodies against ( ) in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Greece. The study also examined potential risk factors and the agreement of commercially available serological methods. IgG antibodies against were detected us...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2024-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1397
Main Authors: Voyiatzaki, Chrysa, Zare Chormizi, Apollon Dareios, Tsoumani, Maria E, Efstathiou, Antonia, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, Chrysos, Georgios, Argyraki, Aikaterini, Papastamopoulos, Vasileios, Papageorgiou, Effie G, Kotsianopoulou, Marika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Antibodies
Antiretroviral agents
Antiretroviral therapy
co-infection
Drug abuse
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Europe/Greece
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunofluorescence
Immunoglobulin G
intravenous drug users
Leishmania infantum
Leishmaniasis
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Protozoa
Risk factors
seroprevalence
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Vector-borne diseases
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Summary:A serological screening was conducted to detect IgG antibodies against ( ) in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Greece. The study also examined potential risk factors and the agreement of commercially available serological methods. IgG antibodies against were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and Western blot (WB). Out of 155 samples, 14 (9.0%) tested positive for IgG antibodies against using at least two methods. Statistical analysis showed substantial agreement between WB and IFAT methods (Cohen's kappa = 0.75) but moderate overall agreement among the three methods (Fleiss' kappa = 0.42). Additionally, HIV+ intravenous drug users faced 3.55 times ( = 0.025) higher risk of testing positive for IgG, positing that anthroponotic transmission between these patients is a plausible hypothesis based on existing literature. Non-invasive and cost-effective techniques are preferred to detect asymptomatic infections, and leishmaniasis screening should be conducted immediately after HIV diagnosis in endemic regions to enable prophylactic treatment for leishmaniasis in addition to antiretroviral therapy. To maximize sensitivity, performing at least two different serological methods for each patient is recommended.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12071397