Moderate-intensity endurance training improves late phase β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes

• Published in: iScience 2023-07, Vol.26 (7), p.107226-107226, Article 107226
• Main Authors: Zhang, Hui, Simpson, Laura K., Carbone, Nicholas P., Hirshman, Michael F., Nigro, Pasquale, Vamvini, Maria, Goodyear, Laurie J., Middelbeek, Roeland J.W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Human metabolism; Kinesiology
• ISSN: 2589-0042; 2589-0042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107226

Physical activity is important for type 2 diabetes treatment, yet the underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects of exercise are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of exercise training on biphasic β-cell insulin secretory function, a key factor regulating blood glucose. Adults with type 2 diabetes (7F/3M, age 49 ± 5 years, BMI 30 ± 3 kg/m2) completed a 10-week moderate-intensity exercise program and multiple components of glucose homeostasis were measured. Training improved glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and processing of proinsulin-to-insulin. Training increased late phase β-cell function by 38% (p = 0.01), which was correlated with changes in VO2peak suggesting training response-dependent effects. Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (RREB1) concentrations, a protein postulated to increase type 2 diabetes risk, were inversely correlated with increases in training-induced late-phase disposition index, consistent with an inhibitory role of RREB1 on insulin secretion. Moderate-intensity exercise training improves late-phase β-cell function and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. [Display omitted] •Exercise training in type 2 diabetes improves with late phase β-cell function•Exercise training effects on VO2peak correlate with late phase β-cell function•Acute exercise decreases RREB1 and RREB1 inversely correlates with β-cell function Kinesiology; Human metabolism