Biocide vs. Eco-Friendly Antifoulants: Role of the Antioxidative Defence and Settlement in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Antifoulant paints were developed to prevent and reduce biofouling on surfaces immersed in seawater. The widespread use of these substances over the years has led to a significant increase of their presence in the marine environment. These compounds were identified as environmental and human threats...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of marine science and engineering 2022-06, Vol.10 (6), p.792
Main Authors: Parisi, Costantino, Sandonnini, Jessica, Coppola, Maria Rosaria, Madonna, Adriano, Abdel-Gawad, Fagr Kh, Sivieri, Emidio M., Guerriero, Giulia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesives
Antifoulants
antioxidative defence
biocide antifoulant
Biocides
Biodiversity
Biofouling
Collagen
Defence mechanisms
eco-friendly antifoulant
Enzymes
Free radicals
Marine environment
Marine molluscs
Microorganisms
Mollusks
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Native species
Organisms
Oxidative stress
Paints
Physiology
Proteins
Seawater
Sessile species
settlement
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Summary:Antifoulant paints were developed to prevent and reduce biofouling on surfaces immersed in seawater. The widespread use of these substances over the years has led to a significant increase of their presence in the marine environment. These compounds were identified as environmental and human threats. As a result of an international ban, research in the last decade has focused on developing a new generation of benign antifoulant paints. This review outlines the detrimental effects associated with biocide versus eco-friendly antifoulants, highlighting what are effective antifoulants and why there is a need to monitor them. We examine the effects of biocide and eco-friendly antifoulants on the antioxidative defence mechanism and settlement in a higher sessile organism, specifically the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. These antifoulants can indirectly assess the potential of these two parameters in order to outline implementation of sustainable antifoulants.
ISSN:2077-1312
2077-1312
DOI:10.3390/jmse10060792