Smartphone-Enhanced Symptom Management In Psychosis: Open, Randomized Controlled Trial

• Published in: Journal of medical Internet research 2020-08, Vol.22 (8), p.e17019-e17019
• Main Authors: Lewis, Shon, Ainsworth, John, Sanders, Caroline, Stockton-Powdrell, Charlotte, Machin, Matthew, Whelan, Pauline, Hopkins, Richard, He, Zhimin, Applegate, Eve, Drake, Richard, Bamford, Charlie, Roberts, Chris, Wykes, Til
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Application programming interface; Clinical trials; Community mental health services; Deterioration; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; Early intervention; Electronic health records; Empowerment; Feasibility; Female; Health care management; Humans; Intervention; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical personnel; Medical records; Mental disorders; Mental health; Middle Aged; Mobile Applications - standards; Original Paper; Patients; Psychosis; Psychotic symptoms; Qualitative research; Relapse; Reliability; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophrenia; Self-Management; Selfmanagement; Selfmonitoring; Severity; Smartphone - standards; Smartphones; Symptom management; Symptoms; Teams; Telemedicine - methods; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1438-8871; 1439-4456; 1438-8871
• DOI: 10.2196/17019

Improving recovery from acute symptoms and preventing relapse are two significant challenges in severe mental illness. We developed a personalized smartphone-based app to monitor symptoms in real time and validated its acceptance, reliability, and validity. To assess (i) acceptability of continuous monitoring to SMI patients and health professionals over 3 months; (ii) impact of active self-monitoring on positive psychotic symptoms assessed at 6 and 12 weeks; and (iii) the feasibility of detecting early warning signs of relapse. The active symptom monitoring smartphone app was built into an end-to-end system in two NHS Trusts to enable real-time symptom self-monitoring and detection by the clinical team of early signs of relapse in people with severe mental illness. We conducted an open randomized controlled trial of active symptom monitoring compared to usual management to assess: (i) acceptability and safety of continuous monitoring over 3 months; (ii) impact of active self-monitoring on positive psychotic symptoms assessed at 6 and 12 weeks; (iii) feasibility of detecting early warning signs of relapse communicated to the healthcare staff via an app streaming data to the electronic health record. Eligible participants with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders, and a history of relapse within the previous two years were enrolled from an early intervention team and a community mental health team. Of 181 eligible patients, 81 (45%) consented and were randomized to either active symptom monitoring or management as usual. At 12 weeks, 90% (33/36) of those in the active monitoring group continued to use the system and exhibited an adherence rate (defined as responding to >33% of alerts) of 84% (30/36}. Active symptom monitoring was associated with no difference on the empowerment scale in comparison to the usual management group at 12 weeks. The pre-planned intent-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome, a positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale, showed a significant reduction in the active symptom monitoring group over 12 weeks in the early intervention center. Alerts for personalized early warning signs of relapse were built into the workflows of both NHS Trusts, and 100% of health professional staff used the system in a new digital workflow. Qualitative analyses supported the acceptability of the system to participants and staff. The