Competing Risks of Cancer and Non-Cancer Mortality When Accompanied by Lifestyle-Related Factors-A Prospective Cohort Study in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

The study aimed to identify the association between the lifestyle-related factors and the cancer-specific, or non-cancer-specific mortality, when accompanied by a competing risk. Two statistical methods were applied, i.e., cause-specific hazard (CSH), and sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR). Their r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in oncology 2020-11, Vol.10, p.545078-545078
Main Authors: Macek, Pawel, Biskup, Malgorzata, Terek-Derszniak, Malgorzata, Manczuk, Marta, Krol, Halina, Naszydlowska, Edyta, Smok-Kalwat, Jolanta, Gozdz, Stanislaw, Zak, Marek
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cancer
cause of death
cohort studies
competing risk
lifestyle
Oncology
risk factors
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Summary:The study aimed to identify the association between the lifestyle-related factors and the cancer-specific, or non-cancer-specific mortality, when accompanied by a competing risk. Two statistical methods were applied, i.e., cause-specific hazard (CSH), and sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR). Their respective key advantages, relative to the actual study design, were addressed, as was overall application potential. Source data from 4,584 residents (34.2% men), aged 45-64 years, were processed using two different families of regression models, i.e., CSH and SHR; principal focus upon the impact of lifestyle-related factors on the competing risk of cancer and non-cancer mortality. The results were presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Age, smoking status, and family history of cancer were found the leading risk factors for cancer death; the risk of non-cancer death higher in the elderly, and smoking individuals. Non-cancer mortality was strongly associated with obesity and hypertension. Moderate to vigorous physical activity decreased the risk of death caused by cancer and non-cancer causes. Specific, lifestyle-related factors, instrumental in increasing overall, and cancer-specific mortality, are modifiable through health-promoting, individually pursued physical activities. Regular monitoring of such health-awareness boosting pursuits seems viable in terms of public health policy making.
ISSN:2234-943X
2234-943X
DOI:10.3389/fonc.2020.545078