Effects of lubricant-fuel mixing on particle emissions in a single cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines emit less carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) than port fuel injection (PFI) engines when fossil fuel conditions are the same. However, GDI engines emit more ultrafine particulate matter, which can have negative health effects, leading to particulate emission regulations....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2022-01, Vol.12 (1), p.18-18, Article 18
Main Authors: Yi, Hoseung, Seo, Jihwan, Yu, Young Soo, Lim, Yunsung, Lee, Sanguk, Lee, Jongtae, Song, Hanho, Park, Sungwook
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/166
639/166/988
Carbon dioxide
Combustion
Emissions
Engines
Environmental regulations
Fossil fuels
Gasoline
Humanities and Social Sciences
Injection
Lubricants
Lubricants & lubrication
multidisciplinary
Particulate matter
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
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Summary:Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines emit less carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) than port fuel injection (PFI) engines when fossil fuel conditions are the same. However, GDI engines emit more ultrafine particulate matter, which can have negative health effects, leading to particulate emission regulations. To satisfy these regulations, various studies have been done to reduce particulate matter, and several studies focused on lubricants. This study focuses on the influence of lubricant on the formation of particulate matter and its effect on particulate emissions in GDI engines. An instrumented, combustion and optical singe-cylinder GDI engine fueled by four different lubricant-gasoline blends was used with various injection conditions. Combustion experiments were used to determine combustion characteristics, and gaseous emissions indicated that the lubricant did not influence mixture homogeneity but had an impact on unburned fuels. Optical experiments showed that the lubricant did not influence spray but did influence wall film formation during the injection period, which is a major factor affecting particulate matter generation. Particulate emissions indicated that lubricant included in the wall film significantly affected PN emissions depending on injection conditions. Additionally, the wall film influenced by the lubricant affected the overall particle size and its distribution.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-03873-w