ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response: Homeostatic Regulation Coordinate Plant Survival and Growth

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle, is the major site of protein biosynthesis. The disturbance of ER function by biotic or abiotic stress triggers the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the best-studied ER stress respo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2022-11, Vol.11 (23), p.3197
Main Authors: Kim, June-Sik, Mochida, Keiichi, Shinozaki, Kazuo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosynthesis
Botanical research
defense
Development
Endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
ER stress
Flowers & plants
gene regulation
Genes
Genetic aspects
Growth (Plants)
Homeostasis
Mammals
Microbalances
Mutation
Physiological aspects
Plant growth
Plants
Protein biosynthesis
Protein folding
Proteins
Regulation
Review
Roles
Sensors
Stress (Physiology)
stress response
Survival
Transcription factors
unfolded protein response (UPR)
Viral infections
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Summary:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle, is the major site of protein biosynthesis. The disturbance of ER function by biotic or abiotic stress triggers the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the best-studied ER stress response. This transcriptional regulatory system senses ER stress, activates downstream genes that function to mitigate stress, and restores homeostasis. In addition to its conventional role in stress responses, recent reports indicate that the UPR is involved in plant growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ER stress sensing and the activation and downstream regulation of the UPR. We also describe how the UPR modulates both plant growth and stress tolerance by maintaining ER homeostasis. Lastly, we propose that the UPR is a major component of the machinery that balances the trade-off between plant growth and survival in a dynamic environment.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants11233197